【摘要】 采 用微波交 换法分 两步将浮 选后的 天然 钙基 蒙脱 土转 变为 镍基 蒙脱 土， 通过 丙烯腈 单体与镍 基蒙脱 土层间镍 离子的 络合作 用，把 丙烯 腈单 体引 入蒙 脱土 层间 ，然 后用 过硫酸 铵引发丙 烯腈原位 聚合制 备聚丙烯 腈／ 蒙脱 土纳米 复合 物．由 Ｘ 射 线荧 光分 析测 定钙基蒙 脱土和镍 基蒙脱土 的化学 组成，求 得镍离子 交换 度为 ９１ ．４ ％ ． Ｘ 射 线粉 末衍 射结 果显示，聚 丙烯腈／ 蒙 脱土复 合物试 样的（ ００１） 衍 射峰（ ２ θ） 由镍 基 蒙脱 土的 ５ ．６°移 至低 于 ２°的位置 ，即 ｄ（００１ ） 值由 １ ．５８ ｎ ｍ 增至４ ．４１ ｎ ｍ 以上 ．复合物 试样的红 外光谱 中未 见 Ｃ＝ Ｃ 双键吸 收峰，说 明聚合反 应已进 行完全．透 射电镜 照片 显示 蒙脱 土的 硅酸 盐片 层 以单 层无 规则分 散在聚合 物基体 中．更多还原

【Abstract】 Monomer of polymer was firstly introduced into the interlayer of montmorillonite by means of coordination effect of transition metal cation and organic molecule for the interlayer distance of montmorillonite swelled up much easily. Then the mixture of monomer and montmorillonite were polymerized so the silicate layers of montmorillonite were dispersed random in polymer matrix in nanosize and polyacrylonitrile/montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared.Natural Ca\|montmorillonite after flotation was transformed to Ni\|montmorillonite by two steps of ion exchange process under microwave heating. Acrylonitrile monomer was intercalated between the interlayer of montmorillonite by forming complex of acrylonitrile and Ni\|montmorillonite. Then acrylonitrile was polymerized \%in situ\% with ammonium persulfate as initiating agent. Chemical composition of Ca\|montmorillonite and Ni\|montmorillonite was determined by X\|ray fluorometric analysis, and the cation exchange degree of Ni\+\{2+\} is 91.4%. The results of XRD of the polymerized samples indicated that the (001) diffraction of montmorillonite shifts from 5.6°(2\%θ\%) to a degree below 2°(2\%θ) \%, corresponding to the \%d\%\-\{(001)\} value changing from 1.58 nm to 4.41 nm or more. TEM micrograph revealed that the silicate layers of montmorillonite were dispersed random in monolayers in the matrix.更多还原