【摘要】 桥梁变形的原因有:自然条件及其变化、与桥梁本身相联的原因、人为设计及施工不合理.观测方法:大地测量方法、特殊的测量方法、摄影测量方法.更多还原

【Abstract】 The causes of bridge deformation are natural conditions and its variation, bridge structure and unreasonable design and construction. The authors of this paper present that the observation ways of bridge deformation are geodesic method, special survey method and photography survey method.更多还原