【摘要】 用磁力浮沉子密度测量装置，在１５ ～２５ ℃之间的三个温度下测定了杭州湾３０ 个水样的密度。结果表明，测定值皆高于相应条件下国际标准海水状态方程的计算值，在海水盐度范围５．５６～２６ ．４ ，密度平均偏差值为２８ ．２ ～１２０ ．５ ×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。测定密度和计算密度的偏差随盐度的降低而增大，与盐度的变化成直线相关；与（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｓ和比碱度之间皆呈指数曲线相关。杭州湾海水枯水期和丰水期水样的（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃｌ 比平均值分别超出大洋水平均值２８ ．８％ 和２０ ．６％ ；杭州湾海水枯水期和丰水期的比碱度平均值分别超出大洋水平均值６０ ．３ ％ 和３０２ ％ ；（Ｍｇ２ ＋ ）／Ｃｌ 比、枯水期水样ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 比及Ｓｒ２ ＋ ／Ｃｌ 比与大洋水平均值相同或相近，丰水期水样ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 高出大洋水平均值７ ．１ ％ ；结合主要离子在湾内平面分布图，得出杭州湾海水高的Ｃａ２ ＋ ／Ｃｌ 比、比碱度和ＳＯ２ －４ ／Ｃｌ 比，除了受江水输入影响以外，主要还是受湾北岸工业区废水排放的影响。并首次给出了杭州湾海水的密度公式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The density and salinity of 30 seawater samples collected from the Hangzhou Bay were measured with a high precision magnetic float densimeter at 15.536℃, 19.60℃ and 24.976℃ , respectively. The major ion content of calcium, magnesium, strontium, SO 2- 4,alkalinity, pH, chlorinity and salinity etc. were also determined. All the measured densities were higher than those calculated by using the International Equation of State of Seawater, 1980. The average difference between the measured and computed densities increase with the decrease of salinity. The average difference of density varies from 28.2 to 120.5×10 -3 kg/m 3 in salinity ranging from 5.56 to 26.4. The relationship between the average difference and ratio of (Ca 2+ )/S or specific alkalinity affected by industrial discharge at the north of the bag and Qian Tang uiver water appeared to be expohential with salinity. The seawater average ionic ratio value of (Ca 2+ )/Cl exceeds that of the average value of ocean seawater 28.8% and 20.6%, respectively in the dry season and the flood season. The specific alkalinity exceeds that of the average value of ocean seawater 60.3% and 302%, respectively in dry season and the flood season. The (Mg 2+ )/Cl ratio of all samples and (SO 2- 4)/Cl in the dry season is roughly equal to that of the average value of ocean seawater, respectively. The (SO 2- 4)/Cl ratio in the flood season exceeds that of the average of ocean seawater 7.1%. The high (Ca 2+ )/Cl ratio and the high specific alkalinity affected by industrid discharge in the north of the bay and Qian Tang River water are the characteristics of the Hangzhou Bay seawater. They are main factors affecting positive deviation of seawater density. A equation of the state of the Huangzhou Bay seawater has been derived by a least square method using the experimental density data. The standard deviation of this equation is 2.0×10 -3 kgm -3更多还原