【摘要】 本文认为：所谓农民分化主要是使固守在土地上的农民大量地转移到国民经济的其他领域，这是我国现代化进程中的一项主要任务；农民分化需要两个必要的条件，即农民劳动者个人的独立和自由以及市场经济的发展；我国家庭联产承包责任制的实施和市场机制的全面启动，使农民从三个层次迅速分化，达到了今天近一半农村劳动力脱离土地经营的状况；我国农民分化具有离土不离乡、对整个社会冲击较小等特点；农民分化既有提高农业劳动生产力和农民素质等方面的积极作用，也存在着对环境造成冲击、弱化农业的基础地位和农村组织的功能等问题；目前，农民分化尚面临一些障碍，需要合理的政策导向和经济、政治、文化等领域的综合配套改革更多还原

【Abstract】 The so called disintegration of peasants refers mainly to the phenomenon that a large number of peasants leave their farmland and transfer to other fields of national economy. Actually, this is one of the steps of modernization. Two things are required for disintegration of peasants to occur: development of market economy and the peasants being free and independent laborers. In China, two aspects have promoted disintegration of peasants: the contract responsibility system based on the household with remuneration linked to output, and the start of market mechanism in operation. Disintegration of peasants is realized at three levels, resulting in nearly half of the rural population now giving up agricultural production as a profession. Nevertheless, it is observed that the peasants getting rid of their land do not leave their home, and that very little shock on the society has been incurred. As every coin has two sides, disintegration of peasants in China has advantages and disadvantages. Surely the agricultural output has been increased and quality of the peasants raised. On the other hand, the environment is at stake, and the position of agriculture as the basis of economy and the role of rural organizations are weakened. At present, there are still barriers to disintegration of peasants, which demand appropriate policies to guide it, and related reforms in economy, politics, and culture to support it.更多还原