【摘要】 以我国几种常见土壤及相应土壤铁锰结核为试验材料，应用Ｘ射线衍射，研究了土壤和铁锰结核中层状硅酸盐和氧化铁的类型组合。结果表明：１） 从南到北，从供试红壤到砂姜黑土，其层状硅酸盐矿物组合变化表现为由１∶１ 型高岭为主变为以２∶１ 型水云母为主；１ ．４ ｎｍ 矿物中由１ ．４ ｎｍ 过渡矿物转变为蛭石；从不含蒙脱石到含有一定量的蒙脱石。供试铁锰结核与相应土壤中的层状硅酸盐矿物组合及含量消长趋势在总体上基本一致。２） 从南到北土壤中的氧化铁由针赤混合型向针铁矿过渡，针铁矿的相对含量逐渐增加，赤铁矿的相对含量逐渐减少直至消失。相应土壤铁锰结核中氧化铁类型及相对含量的变化与土壤中的变化具有一致性。但铁锰结核中的Ｇ／（Ｇ＋ Ｈ） 比值一般较相应土壤中的Ｇ／（Ｇ＋ Ｈ）比值略高。根据供试土壤及其铁锰结核中层状硅酸盐矿物和氧化铁矿物组合的异同，认为土壤铁锰结核是作为一个相对独立的封闭体系存在于土壤体系之中更多还原

【Abstract】 The compositions of phyllosilicate and iron oxides for several main types of soils and their corresponding iron manganese nodules were studied by the means of XRD. The results showed that:1)From south to north, from red soil to shajiang black soil, the compositions of phyllosilicate have changed. The predominant mineral altered from kaolinite to hydromica; 1.4 nm transitional mineral turned into vermiculite; and smectite appeared with latitude increasing. In comparison to soils, the changes of the types and relative contents of phyllosilicate in iron manganese nodules were indentical.2) From red soil to shajiang black soil, the content of goethite were increased as the content of hematite were decreased in soils, and the composition of iron oxides was from goethite hematite mixture to goethite. The changes of types and relative contents of iron oxides in iron manganese nodules were similar to corresponding soils, however, the ratios of G/(G+H) in nodules were higher than those in soils. From the compositions of phyllosilicate and iron oxides in soils and iron manganese nodules, it was suggested that iron manganese nodules of soils were in the isolated relatively close system.更多还原