【摘要】 目的 :为创伤骨科提供四肢常用骨牵引部位的形态学依据。方法 :对 10 0例成人尸体四肢骨标本 ,3 0例成人尸体四肢标本进行解剖 ,观察骨的不同方位毗邻的血管和神经。结果 :股骨下端内上髁上方 2 0mm处 ,矢状径为 ( 2 0 0 6± 2 5 2 )mm ,冠状径 ( 4 2 96± 2 66)mm ;股骨粗隆最突部矢状径为 ( 3 4 4 6± 2 91)mm ,冠状径 ( 5 4 4 3± 3 82 )mm ;胫骨粗隆最突部矢状径为 ( 4 1 3 6± 3 5 4 )mm ;冠状径 ( 3 5 90± 3 66)mm ;尺骨冠突部矢状径为 ( 3 1 69± 2 3 1)mm ;冠状径为 ( 2 1 18± 2 2 7)mm ;跟骨距后下缘的前上方 2 0mm处 ,冠状径为 ( 2 1 18± 2 2 7)mm。这些部位骨剖面的结构表层均为薄层骨皮质 ,内为较密骨松质 ,在骨的不同方位毗邻重要的血管和神经。结论 :临床上可根据牵引部位的形态特点注意选择适当的骨牵引器具、牵引穿针部位和方向 ,以防止骨牵引术所致的并发症更多还原

【Abstract】 Aim:To provide the applied anatomical basis of the morphology and its adjacent relationship of the bone in usual positions of skeletal traction of limbs in adults for the trama orthopaedics.Methods: The bone samples of four limbs in 100 cases and in 30 sides of adult cadavers were measured and its adjacent relationship was observed and recorded.Results: The sagittal and the frontal diameters 20 mm above the femural medial epicondyle were (20.06±2.52)mm and (42.96±2.66)mm respectively;the sigittal and the frontal diameters in the most profecting part of the femural tuberosity were (34.46±2.91)mm and (54.43±3.82)mm respectively:the sigittal and the frontal diameters located in the most distinct part of the tibial tuberosity wer (41.36±3.54)mm and (35.9±3.66)mm respectively;the sigital and the frontal diameters located in the part of ulnar coronoid process were (31.69±2.31)mm and (21.2±2.28)mm respectively;the frontal diameter of calcaneus which is the transversal distance in the position from the posterioinferior margin of calcaneus to the anteriosuprior part of calcaneus the distance between the two about 20 mm was (21.18±2.27)mm.The characteristic of the bone structure mentioned above is that the cortex was thin and the spongy substance was full of the interior. It is adjacent to the important vessels or and nerves existing in different traction parts and in different directions. Conclusion: Clinically it should be paid attention to the choice of the appropriate traction instrument,traction position,and direction according to the morphological charcteristics of the position of skeletal traction so as to prevent the complications from operation of skeletal traction.更多还原