【摘要】 利用扫描电子显微镜，对两个菜薹品种的二倍体、四倍体和八倍体材料的花粉进行了观察，并依据Ｇ．Ｅｒｄｔｍａｎ的方法对花粉的形态特征进行了描述和比较。结果表明：菜薹花粉为长椭圆形，具三沟，沟长几乎达两极。倍性间花粉大小差异明显，随倍性提高，花粉变大，Ｐ／Ｅ值减小，这一特征可作为快速鉴定植物倍性的一个可靠指标。花粉外壁均为典型的网状雕纹，网眼密度具品种特征，紫菜薹显著高于绿菜薹，但两者均以四倍体的密度最低，二倍体和八倍体间无明显差异。花粉活力以四倍体最高，但花粉的整齐度随倍性的提高而显著降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Size and morphology of the pollen in 2 varieties of Brassica parachinensis , and each variety including 3 different ploidy levels(2n=2x=20,2n=4x=40 and 2n=8x=80) were examined by aid of scaning electron microscorpe(SEM) and described according to G.Erdtman in this paper. The results indicated:(1) The shape of pollen was subobate. Of the ploids, the size of pollen was different significantly. With the chromosome complements doubled, the pollen size greatly increased, but the ratio of polar axie to equator axie (P/E) reduced obviously. These characters of the pollen can be used to identify the ploidy of plants rapidly in the polyploidy breeding. (2)The ornamentation of exine in all materials examined showed typical reticulate sculpture, but the mean density of meshwork existed significant difference in the two varieties. Among the diploid, tetraploid and octploid, the density of meshowrk revealed a variable tendency of high-low-high. (3)The best pollen vigor was in the tetraploids, but the rate of abnormal pollen increased with the chromosomes doubled.更多还原