【摘要】 利用ＲＡＰＤ分子标记技术，对我国目前２５个主要玉米自交系进行亲缘关系类群划分。本项研究建立了从玉米种子、幼芽以及叶片组织中提取微量ＤＮＡ的方法。从ＲＡＰＤ引物试验盒Ａ至Ｏ共计３００个引物中，筛选出对玉米扩增产物具有多态性的引物４０个，其中具有特别明显多态性的引物１０个。它们是Ｆ３、Ｏ２０、Ａ１９、Ｍ２、Ｍ６、Ｎ１１、Ｎ１２、Ｎ１９、Ｃ７和Ｇ１４等。依据１０个引物扩增谱带建立０，１型数据，计算２５个自交系间遗传距离，并进行聚类分析。结果表明：供试的２５个自交系共可划分为５个类群。Ⅰ类为四平头血缘系统：包括黄早四、吉８５３、黄野四、四自四、１９６、８１５１５、４０４、Ｈ２１等共８个；Ⅱ类为瑞德黄马齿血缘系统：包括４７８、４８８、３１８９、７９２２、８１１２、Ｂ尖８、５００５等共７个自交系：Ⅲ类为兰卡斯特血缘系统：包括Ｍｏ１７、早４９、多２２等共３个；Ⅳ类为旅大红骨血缘系统：只有Ｅ２８一个自交系；Ⅴ类共有Ｐ７８、９５０２、１７８、Ｐ１３８、００７、Ｐ１７等６个自交系。这一类群都是由杂交种Ｐ７８５９９后代选系而来，与美国另外两个类群瑞德黄马齿系统和兰卡斯特系统关系较远，它们之间选配的杂交组合大多具有较强的杂交优势。?更多还原

【Abstract】 Heterotic groups were classified by cluster analysis with RAPDs based on 25 important maize inbreds utilised widely in hybrid maize production in China. Ten primers: F 3,O 20 ,A 19 ,M 2,M 6,N 11 ,N 12 ,N 19 ,C 7 and G 14 ,selected from 300 candidate primers from the operon A, to O 20 were used as polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for 25 maize inbred lines. Genetic distance among 25 inbreds was calculated and clustered with RAPD markers. The results showed that 25 inbreds lines could be classified into five groups. Groups I consisting of Huangzao 4, 853, Huangye 4, Sizi4, 196, 81515, 404, H21 is included in the Sipingtou heterotic group. Group Ⅱ consisting of 478, 488, 3189, 7922, 8112, Bijian 8, and 5005, is included in the Reid heterotic group. Group Ⅲ consisting of Mo17, Zao 49, and Duo 22, belong to the Lancaster heterotic group. Group Ⅳ only consisting of E28, belongs to the Lüda Honggu heterotic group. Group V consists of P78, 9502, 178, P138, 007, and P17. They belong to a new heterotic group different from the above four heterortic groups. The five groups by cluster analysis with RAPD markers conforms to the pedigree method. The results of the study indicated that it is practical to group maize inbred line with RAPDs.更多还原