【摘要】 利用 Ｈ Ｅ Ｉ Ｆ Ｅ 地面辐射平衡观测资料以及 Ｎ Ｏ Ａ Ａ １１／ Ａ Ｖ Ｈ Ｒ Ｒ 卫星测量资料，直接估算我国西北大气沙尘对地气系统和大气中辐射加热率的影响。１９９１ 年２ 月下旬～５ 月中旬１１ 天的计算结果表明，春季大气沙尘的辐射效应与地表状况有关：在高地表反照率的沙漠上空，大气沙尘的短波辐射效应为减小行星反照率增暖地气系统，同时吸收太阳辐射增暖大气，大气顶射出长波辐射对大气沙尘的变化并不敏感，但大气沙尘增大大气的长波冷却；在低地表反照率的绿洲上空，大气沙尘的短波辐射效应为增大行星反照率冷却地气系统，对大气似乎也具有冷却效应，其长波辐射效应是减小地气系统和大气的长波冷却。当大气浑浊度系数β约由０ ．１５ 增大到０ ．６ ，沙尘层（８５０ ～６００ ｈ Ｐａ） 内大气的附加短波和长波加热率在沙漠上空约为２ ．４～３ ．７ Ｋ／ｄ 和－ ０ ．８ ～－ １ ．３ Ｋ／ｄ ，绿洲上空约为－ ０ ．３ ～＋ ０ ．７ Ｋ／ｄ 和０ ．５ ～１ ．３ Ｋ／ｄ ，净辐射效应在沙漠和绿洲都是加热，沙尘层内附加的净加热率分别约为１ ．３ ～２ ．５ Ｋ／ｄ 和０ ．２ ～０ ．７ Ｋ／ｄ 。更多还原

【Abstract】 The data observed during the HEIFE experiment and NOAA AVHRR data in the same period were used to estimate the radiative heating/cooling in the earth atmosphere system and atmosphere caused by atmospheric dust. The results show that the radiative effects of atmospheric dust are depending on the surface conditions. In the desert with high surface albedo, the shortwave radiative effect of atmospheric dust is to warming the earth atmosphere system and the air, but the longwave radiative effect is to cooling the air; In the oasis with low surface albedo, the shortwave radiative effect of atmospheric dust is to cooling the earth atmosphere and seems to cooling the air, the longwave radiative effect is to decrease the longwave radiative cooling. When the atmospheric turbidity coefficient increases from 0.15 to 0.6, the additional shortwave radiative heating rate in the dust layer (near the surface from 850 to 600 hPa) is about 2.4～3.7 K/d over the desert,and about -0.3～0.7 K/d over the oasis, the additional longwave radiative heating rate in the dust layer is about -0.8～-1.3 K/d over the desert and about 0.5～1.3 K/d over the oasis. As the result, the atmospheric dust warm the air in both desert and oasis, the additional heating rate in the dust layer over the desert and oasis are about 1.3～2.5 K/d and 0.2～0.7 K/d respectively.更多还原