【摘要】 绿洲地域系统是干旱区最重要的人地关系地域系统，但目前对绿洲系统的理论研究尚处在起步阶段。本文论述了绿洲、绿洲地域系统的概念、结构，讨论了绿洲可持续发展的优势和限制因素，研究了人类与自然两大系统的协调和融合，以及在自然条件约束下，人类在绿洲地区活动范围的空间变化规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oasis is newly defined as the ecosystem existing only in the arid land, which base prosper- ous vegetation with higher primary production comparing to its environment, and supported by the water coming from the outer part of the system. As the land with fertile soil and rich wa- ter, oases are the bases for the human activity for long time, almost all the land and water re- sources were developed by the people in the region, intensive human activity has become the symbol of the modern oases, oases become the mainly human-earth relationship regional sys- tems. The oases dispersed in the arid land and isolated to each other, which brings difficulty to the exchange and communication to the outer systems; with similar natural resources and prod- ucts, the goods exchange between the oases is weakly, which is disadvantage to the economic development in oasis region. Surrounded by desert and lack of water, the oasis systems are weak in ecology and improper development caused by the human will seriously influence the e- cological balance of the systems. For analysis, an oasis system can be divided into four subsys- tems, that are natural resources, human power, social and economic and environment subsys- tems. Based on the understanding to oasis systems, some suggestions for the sustainable devel- opment in the oasis systems are put forward under the principle of PRED. Finally the spatial evolution of the oasis systems is discussed. From the case study on the oases on the north of northeastern piedmont of Tianshan Mis. and northwestern piedmont of Kunlun Mis. , the earliest traces of the human activity in the arid land are found in the lower mountain basins in the new stone time, the bases for human activity have moved to the oases on the lowest reaches of the rivers in the Tarim and Zhunger Basin when the agriculture society began. Along with the promote of the human productivity and the increase of the population, the human moved their bases to the upper reaches along the rivers where wider land and richer water resources can be used, they reached to the piedmont of the mountains about 900 - 500 years ago, and the modern oasis systems formed there finally.更多还原