【摘要】 目的观察人体胚胎骨髓造血组织细胞的发生、发展规律，微环境的变化，以及对白血病诊断的意义。方法对９３例１～１０个月胚胎骨髓组织进行塑料包埋、半薄切片、Ｈ－Ｇ－Ｅ及组化染色观察。结果胚１月卵黄囊与羊膜囊周出现有核红细胞造血岛。胚２月软骨母细胞首先进入髓腔，骨髓微环境形成。胎３月骨髓出现各系各阶段造血细胞，胎儿期骨髓红粒比值始终倒置，以幼稚期血细胞为主，红粒系幼稚细胞成簇状聚集排列。胎５月骨髓出现脂肪，骨髓间质网纤与纤维细胞量少，中性粘蛋白为主。结论胚胎骨髓造血最早始于胚外中胚层的间充质细胞。胎３个月开始骨髓造血。软骨母细胞可能是髓内造血组织各种细胞的共同祖先，造血祖细胞是多源性的。胚胎期骨髓象类似髓性白血病。胎５月出现黄髓。组织结构变化比细胞形态变化对白血病的诊断更有指导意义。ＭＤＳ的诊断以髓索中央出现ＡＬＩＰ更确诊。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To observate the human embroy bone marrow hemopoietic tissues happening and development rule, the change of microenvironment and direction signifcance for the leukemia diagnosis. Methods: 93 cases with 1-10 month’s embroy bone marrow tissues were embeded in plastics, sected with hathin, stained with H-G-E and histochemistry. Results: Nucleus erythrocyte blood islands were found around yolk or amnion sac in the first month. Chondroblast cells first entered marrow cavity in the second month and the marrow microenvironment was formed every series and each period blood cell appeared in the marrow cavity in the third month. Erythrocyte and leucocyte rate was always invert in the embroy marrow. Immature stage blood cells were main component and arranged together as cluster. Adipose tissue had existed in the fifth month. There are a little reticular fiber and fibrocyte and much neutral mucin in the marrow. Conclusions: The hemopoiesis of human embroy marrow first come from mesenchymal cell of extraembryonic mesoblastic tissue. The hemopoiesis of marrow happens in the third month of embroy. Chondroblastic cell may be common ancestors of the marrow hemopoietic tissus. Hemopoietic stem cells come from many sort cells. The embroy marrow blood cell structure is very likes acute leukemia. The yellow marrow has been existed in the embrov marrow since the fifth month. Histological change has much directive significance than cell change to diagnosis of acute leukemia. When the ALIP is appeared in medullary cord, the diagnosis of MDS is more sure.更多还原