【摘要】 用中国１６０ 个站月平均降水量和赤道东太平洋Ｎｉｎ～ｏ ３ 区海温资料研究了ＥＮＳＯ循环过程的不同位相与中国降水的关系。结果显示ＥＮＳＯ 循环对中国冬、夏季降水丰或欠及时空分布有密切关系，ＥＮＳＯ 发展年的夏季我国东部地区以雨量偏少为主，一些地区可偏少３ ～５ 成，多雨带位于江淮之间；ＥＮＳＯ 恢复年的夏季长江及江南地区雨量偏多，其南北两边偏少；反ＥＮＳＯ 年的夏季长江—黄河之间及东南部雨量偏少，其北边和西南正常偏多；在ＥＮＳＯ 的准常态年夏季，长江以北为正偏差，江南除少部分地区外降水分布接近正常。还发现ＥＮＳＯ 暖位相与中国冬季降水也有很好关系。由于本文用准常态年降水平均值代替通常的气候平均值，因而有利于更好地揭示ＥＮＳＯ 与中国气候变化的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Relationships between ENSO for different phase and precipitation are investigated on the basis of SST data of Ni n～ o 3 area over the Pacific and monthly mean rainfalls for 160 stations throughout China. It has been found that rainfalls and its spatial, temporal variability in the eastern China during summer and winter are greatly effected by ENSO cycle. During the growth of ENSO deficiency summer rainfalls are over most of eastern China with the 30～50 percentage below normal in the some areas, and abundance rainfall band located in the area of the Changjiang-Huaihe basin. In the period of ENSO cold phase, the deficiency rainfalls are in the southeastern China and the area extended from the Changjiang River to the Huanghe River, but near normal rainfalls are occurred outside above areas. During the quasi-normal phase, the rainfall distribution is characterized by the positive anomalies to the north of the Changjiang River and near normal rainfalls over large part of the south of the Changjiang River. It has been explored too that there exist obvious relationships between the rainfalls during winter and ENSO warm phase. Because of the ENSO quasi-normal phase rainfall mean values are used to instead of the general climate mean, our results obtained are obviously better than other studies earlier.更多还原