【作者】 陈诚； 凌志雄； 刘文龙； 沈斌星； 陶健； 周鑫； 梅雪天； 沈根祥；

【Author】 Chen Cheng;Ling Zhixiong;Liu Wenlong;Shen Binxing;Tao Jian;Zhou Xin;Mei Xuetian;Shen Genxiang;Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants of the Municipal of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences;College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University;Shanghai Jinshan Environmental Monitoring Station;Langxia Agricultural and Rural Service Centre of Jinshan District;

【机构】 上海市环境科学研究院生态环境部新污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室； 扬州大学水利科学与工程学院； 上海市金山区环境监测站； 上海市金山区廊下镇农业农村服务中心；

【摘要】 农业面源污染风险评估为污染防治提供了靶向目标区域,也为精准施策提供了重要决策支持。平原感潮河网地区作为农业面源污染发生和迁移特征最为复杂的地区之一,有必要针对其特殊的河网水系特征与农业生产特点开展面源污染风险评估。基于此,本研究提出了平原感潮河网地区农业面源污染潜在风险动态评估方法,系统总结归纳了包括工作目标制定、评估区域选取、评估时段选定、基本状况调查、评估单元划分、评估指标计算、风险成因分析、关键源区识别、防治目标制定等在内的9个评估步骤,以水利水务部门现有的圩区(水利管理基本单元)、农业农村部门现有的灌排区(农业生产基本单元)作为基本评估单元,以月尺度农业面源污染本地化入河系数、水环境容量为核心计算参数,基于水质系数、负荷系数和风险系数等3个评估指标水-陆联动动态评估面源污染潜在风险,并同步制定农业面源污染高风险区域的入河负荷削减目标和水环境容量提升目标。本研究提出的方法基于新的指标组合实现高时空分辨率农业面源污染风险评估,在典型平原感潮河网地区上海市金山区廊下镇成功得到应用,有效支撑和指导面源污染防治工作实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural risk assessment provides not only target objective areas for pollution prevention and management, but also significant decision support for precise strategy implementation. The plain tidal river network area is among the areas that the occurring and migration characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution are most complicated, thus it is necessary to carry out non-point source pollution risk assessment according to its specific characteristics of river networks and agricultural production. On basis of this, this study proposed the method for dynamic assessment of potential risks of agricultural non-point source pollution in the plain tidal river network areas. The nine assessment steps including task objective setting, assessment area selection, assessment period determination,basic situation investigation, assessment unit division, assessment index calculation,risk cause analysis, critical source areas recognition, prevention and management objective setting were systematically summarized. The polder areas(basic units of water conservancy management) attained by the departments of water conservancy and water affairs, the irrigation and drainage districts(basic units of agricultural production) attained by the departments of agriculture and rural areas were selected as the basic assessment units. The monthly local export coefficient into the river of non-point source pollution and water environmental capacity were set as the key calculation parameters. The potential risks of non-point source pollution were dynamically assessed considering water-land relation with the assessment indices of water quality index, load index and risk index. The reduction objectives of load into the river and improvement objectives of water environmental capacity were synchronously determined for the high-risk areas of agricultural non-point source pollution. The method proposed in this study is based on a new index combination and could realize risk assessment of agricultural non-point source pollution with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The method was successfully applied in a typical plain tidal river network area(Langxia Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai),effectively supporting and guiding the work practice of the prevention and management of non-point source pollution.更多还原