【作者】 何祥凤； 王媛媛； 齐昌瑞； 赵祥云； 王文和；

【Author】 HE Xiang-feng;WANG Yuan-yuan;QI Chang-rui;ZHAO Xiang-yun;WANG Wen-he;College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing university of agriculture;Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees;

【机构】 北京农学院园林学院； 北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心；

【摘要】 百合属于百合科(Liliaceae)百合属(Lilium)多年生草本植物。我国是百合切花生产大国,由于百合的连年种植及种植面积的不断扩大,病害发生日益严重。其中由尖孢镰刀菌百合专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lilii)引起的百合枯萎病(又称根腐病、茎腐病)已成为危害百合的重要病害之一。该病主要危害植株的地下部分,导致百合萎蔫、黄化、种球和鳞茎腐烂,严重影响百合的产量和品质,造成巨大的经济损失。邻苯二甲酸是百合根部分泌的主要的自毒物质,在多年连续种植百合的土壤中大量积累,并能够促进百合枯萎病病原尖孢镰刀菌毒素的产生以及致病性相关酶的活性。因此减少连作百合田地里邻苯二甲酸的含量,对于百合尖孢镰刀菌枯萎病的防治具有重要意义。目前化学防治方法是防治百合枯萎病的主要措施,但是由于该病的土传特性及病原菌抗药性的产生,使化学防治方法收效甚微。同时化学农药的长期、大量和反复使用,带来环境污染,因此应用绿色无污染的生物防治来防治百合镰刀菌枯萎病是未来发展的方向。为了获得能够降解邻苯二甲酸的百合枯萎病防治细菌,本研究应用加入邻苯二甲酸的MSM培养基从连作百合的土壤中分离邻苯二甲酸降解细菌,并对分离到的菌株进行平板拮抗测定,并应用百合鳞片筛选具有防治效果的菌株,选择防治效果好的菌株进行温室防效检测。结果表明从连续种植4年的百合土壤中,分离到100株邻苯二甲酸降解细菌。通过平板抑菌试验共得到37株对百合枯萎病原尖孢镰刀菌具有拮抗作用的菌株。离体百合鳞片防效检测结果显示,37株拮抗菌中的14株在百合鳞片上具有明显的抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的作用。选择在百合鳞片上具有抑菌效果的14个菌株中的7株进行温室防效检测,结果表明菌株16和19的防效最好,相对防效达到75%,其次是菌株10和22,相对防效均在50%以上。16S rDNA序列分析结果显示:菌株16、19和22均为台中类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus taichungensis),菌株10为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, phthalic acid-degrading bacteria were isolated from the soil,where lilies are grown continuously, in MSM medium with phthalic acid. The control efficacies of isolates antagonizing Fusarium oxysporum were determined in lily scales and green house. A total of 100 phthalic acid-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil in which lily has been planted for 4 years continuously. The plate antagonistic experiment showed that 37 bacteria strains inhibited the growth of lily wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Fourteen of 37 antagonistic bacteria strains inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum on in vitro lily scales. Among them 7 antagonistic bacteria strains were selected for pot test in green house. The results showed that strains 16 and 19 had the best control efficacy of 75%, and then followed by strains 10 and 22 with more than 50% control efficacy. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that strains 16, 19and 22 were Paenibacillus taichungensis and strain 10 was Bacillus cereus.更多还原