【作者】 郝玺媛； 肖建花； 高亦珂；

【Author】 Hao Xiyuan;Xiao Jianhua;Gao Yike;College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University;

【机构】 北京林业大学园林学院；

【摘要】 拟鸢尾(Iris spuria)属于鸢尾属(Iris L.)无髯鸢尾亚属(Subgenus Limniris)拟鸢尾系(Series Spuriae),花葶坚实,花大,花瓣质地厚实,变异系数高,但育种起步较晚,应用也较少,具有极大的育种潜力,可用于培育优秀的园林绿化及切花鸢尾品种。通过对不同拟鸢尾品系的形态特征进行综合评价,筛选出表现优良的品系,为园艺生产和景观应用提供优质种质资源。自加拿大Aitken Garden引进了拟鸢尾品种‘Lucky Devil’‘Missouri Autumn’等,自新疆地区引进蓝花喜盐鸢尾(Iris halophila var. sogdiana),进行拟鸢尾×喜盐鸢尾的种间杂交,于2023年5-6月对每个品系进行详细的形态特征测定,包括株高、叶长、叶宽和花径等指标,并使用RHS比色卡测定花色。通过形态学数据,对品系进行初步筛选和综合评价,以确定其在园艺应用中的潜力,筛选出新品系5个;对‘Lucky Devil’与‘Missouri Autumn’进行品种间杂交,筛选方法同上,筛选出新品系3个。种间杂交筛选出的5个品系表现出更高的抗逆性和对华北地区春旱的适应性,更早的始花期(5月20日),更高的株高(109-123cm),富观赏性的花色(蓝紫色93B、蓝紫色96B),而品种间杂交后代则获得了更大的花直径与更丰富的花色(黄色7D、紫色86A、灰紫色N187A)。结果表明,通过种间杂交育种可以有效地向拟鸢尾育种中引入本土原生宿根花卉喜盐鸢尾的基因,增强其抗逆性与对本土气候的适应性;通过品种间杂交育种可以丰富拟鸢尾的花色,提升观赏性,提高其园艺应用价值。本研究成功筛选出多个在形态特征上表现突出的拟鸢尾品系,这些品系不仅在观赏性状上具有显著优势,而且具有较强的环境适应能力。筛选出的优良品系可广泛应用于园艺生产和景观设计,丰富园艺品种,提升景观效果和生态价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Iris spuria, belonging to the genus Iris L., subgenus Limniris, series Spuriae, is characterized by its robust flower stalks, large flowers, thick petals, and high coefficient of variation. Although breeding of this species started relatively late and its application is still limited,it has great breeding potential for developing superior garden and cut flower varieties. This study aims to screen and evaluate different lines of Iris spuria based on their morphological characteristics to provide high-quality germplasm resources for horticultural production and landscape applications. Iris spuria varieties ’Lucky Devil’ and ’Missouri Autumn’ were introduced from Aitken Garden in Canada, and the blue-flowered Iris halophila var. sogdiana was introduced from Xinjiang. Inter-species hybridization between Iris spuria and Iris halophila var. sogdiana was performed. Detailed morphological characteristics, including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, flower diameter, and flower color(measured using the RHS color chart), were assessed for each line from May to June 2023. Based on the morphological data, preliminary screening and comprehensive evaluation were conducted to determine their potential for horticultural applications, resulting in the selection of five new lines. Additionally, intra-varietal hybridization between ’Lucky Devil’ and ’Missouri Autumn’ was conducted using the same screening methods,resulting in the selection of three new lines. The five lines selected through inter-species hybridization exhibited higher resistance and better adaptation to spring drought in North China,earlier flowering(starting on May 20), greater plant height(109-123 cm), and attractive flower colors(blue-purple 93B, blue-purple 96B). In contrast, the lines selected from intra-varietal hybridization showed larger flower diameters and a wider range of flower colors(yellow 7D,purple 86A, gray-purple N187A). The results demonstrate that inter-species hybridization can effectively introduce genes from the native perennial Iris halophila into Iris spuria, enhancing its resistance and adaptation to local climates. Intra-varietal hybridization, on the other hand, can enrich the flower color and enhance the ornamental value of Iris spuria, thereby increasing its horticultural application value. This study successfully screened several Iris spuria lines with outstanding morphological characteristics. These lines not only exhibit significant ornamental traits but also possess strong environmental adaptability. The selected superior lines can be widely used in horticultural production and landscape design, enriching horticultural varieties and enhancing landscape effects and ecological value.更多还原