【作者】 马琳； 常淼； 张晓敏； 陈圆圆；

【Author】 MA Lin;CHANG Miao;ZHANG Xiaomin;CHEN Yuanyuan;Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center;Key Laboratory of Total Material Flux of National Environmental Protection Rivers;

【机构】 北京市生态环境监测中心； 国家环境保护河流全物质通量重点实验室；

【摘要】 国内测定水质阴离子表面活性剂的方法有分光光度法、电位滴定法和流动注射光度法。在"国家地表水环境质量监测网监测"(简称采测分离)中,作业指导书中统一规范使用《亚甲基蓝分光光度法》(GB7494-87),该方法经典、仪器设备通用。但实验方法操作需要三氯甲烷3次萃取、2次反洗,1次定容过程,萃取操作复杂,过程烦琐,且有机试剂三氯甲烷属于易制毒,用量大,直接危害着分析人员的身体健康。本研究采用全自动方法,按照国标方法配制试剂,贮存于密闭试剂瓶中,全自动进样和萃取,经对仪器性能指标实验研究,检出下限为0.03mg/L,优于国家标准0.05mg/L;选取不同来源的标准样品,测试的相对标准偏差为0.42%-0.96%,相对误差为0.57%—3.2%;低中高浓度的地下水、地表水实际样品,测量的相对标准偏差为0.70%-1.29%,加标回收率为84.1%-101%;低、中、高浓度的生活污水、工业废水实际样品,测量的相对标准偏差为1.4%-2.7%,加标回收率为91.0%-100.2%。具有良好的灵敏度、精密度、正确度。避免了手工操作的不确定性和实验误差,结果更加准确可靠,具有可操作实用性,只需要严格配制足够量的实验试剂,即可达到分析全过程,提高了效率,使三氯甲烷的接触降低到最小,废液集中回收,减少对分析人员的伤害和对环境的污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 The methods for determining anionic surfactants in water quality in China include spectrophotometry,potentiometric titration,and flow injection analysis(FIA) spectrophotometry.In the "National Surface Water Environmental Quality Monitoring Network Monitoring"(referred to as collection and separation),the operation manual uniformly uses the "Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method"(GB7494-87),which is a classic and universal instrument and equipment.However,the experimental method requires three extractions of trichloromethane,two backwashes,and one constant volume process.The extraction process is complex and cumbersome,and the organic reagent trichloromethane is easy to produce and requires a large amount,which directly endangers the health of analysts.This study used a fully automated method to prepare reagents according to the national standard method,stored in sealed reagent bottles,fully automated injection and extraction.After experimental research on instrument performance indicators,the detection limit was 0.03mg/L,which is better than the national standard of 0.05mg/L;Selecting standard samples from different sources,the relative standard deviation for testing is0.42%-0.96%,and the relative error is 0.57%-3.2%;Actual samples of low,medium,and high concentrations of groundwater and surface water have a relative standard deviation of 0.70%-1.29%,and an spiked recovery rate of 84.1%-101%;The actual samples of low,medium,and high concentrations of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater have a relative standard deviation of 1.4%-2.7% for measurement,and a recovery rate of 91.0%-100.2% for spiking.Has good sensitivity,precision,and accuracy.Avoiding the uncertainty and experimental errors of manual operations,the results are more accurate and reliable,with operability and practicality.Only by strictly preparing sufficient amounts of experimental reagents,the entire analysis process can be achieved,improving efficiency,minimizing contact with trichloromethane,collecting waste liquid,and reducing harm to analysts and environmental pollution.更多还原