【作者】 卢禹名； 刘倩文； 王振宏；

【Author】 Yuming Lu;Qianwen Liu;Zhenhong Wang;School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health;

【机构】 陕西师范大学心理学院,陕西(高校)儿童青少年心理与行为健康哲学社会科学重点研究基地；

【摘要】 社交焦虑认知行为模型提出,负性评价恐惧和正性评价恐惧是社交焦虑的核心特征。其中负性评价恐惧是指对他人的负面评价感到压力;正性评价恐惧则强调为他人正面的评价而苦恼和担忧。研究表明,儿童的认知评价恐惧会受到家庭环境因素和个体因素的共同作用。感觉加工敏感性(Sensory Processing Sensitivity,SPS)反映了儿童对外部刺激的敏锐性、认知加工深度及复杂程度、以及产生的情绪与生理反应,包括审美敏感性、低感觉阈限和易受过度刺激三个维度。研究发现,SPS在个体评价恐惧和社交焦虑的形成中起着重要作用。此外,儿童SPS也会受到家庭环境的影响,且不同的SPS维度在影响儿童社会适应时可能起着不同的作用。但亲子关系作为家庭心理社会环境的核心因素,是否会通过影响SPS进而作用于儿童认知评价恐惧,目前还没有研究予以探讨。因此,本研究运用《亲子亲密度量表》、《亲子冲突问卷》、《自我报告高敏感儿童量表》、《正性评价恐惧量表》和《简版负面恐惧量表》对611名小学高年级儿童(M年龄=11.1岁,SD=1.05)的亲子关系、SPS和评价恐惧进行测量,考察了SPS不同维度在亲子亲密和亲子冲突影响儿童认知评价恐惧中的中介作用。结果发现:(1)亲子亲密和亲子冲突对小学高年级儿童的正性和负性评价恐惧主效应均显著;(2)低感觉阈限在亲子亲密影响正性评价恐惧间起中介作用,易受过度刺激分别在亲子冲突影响正性和负性评价恐惧中起中介作用;(3)亲子亲密和亲子冲突均不会通过儿童的审美敏感性来影响其对正性和负性评价的恐惧;(4)不同SPS维度在亲子关系影响评价恐惧中的作用不存在显著的性别差异。研究结果表明,亲子关系会通过影响小学高年级儿童的感觉加工敏感性中的低感觉阈限与易受过度刺激维度而间接影响其认知评价恐惧,研究也提示感觉加工敏感性的三个维度即审美敏感性、低感觉阈限和易受过度刺激在儿童社会适应性发展中的作用机制是不同的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety proposes that fear of negative evaluation and fear of positive evaluation are core characteristics of social anxiety.The fear of negative evaluation refers to the stress of negative evaluation of others,while the fear of positive evaluation refers to the distress and worry about the positive evaluation of others.Research has shown that cognitive fear of evaluation in children is influenced by family environment factors and individual factors.Sensory processing sensitivity（SPS） is characterized by enhanced awareness,depth of processing,and emotional reactivity to external stimuli,including three dimensions,i.e.,aesthetic sensitivity,low sensory threshold,and ease of excitation.Prior studies have shown that SPS exerts an essential impact on the formation of individual evaluation fear and social anxiety.In addition,children’s SPS is considered to be affected by the family environment,and different SPS dimensions may play different roles in influencing children’s social adaptation.However,whether the parent-child relationship,as a key factor of family psychosocial environments,will affect children’s cognitive fear of evaluation by influencing SPS has not been explored.Thus,the purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating roles of different dimensions of SPS in the effects of parent-child intimacy and parent-child conflict on children’s cognitive fear of evaluation.A total of 611 high-grade primary school students(M_age=11.10 years,SD=1.05) were recruited to complete the Parent-Child Close Scale,Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire,Highly Sensitive Child Scale,Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale,and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale to assess their parent-child relationship,SPS,and cognitive fear of evaluation.The results found that:（1） Parent-child intimacy and parent-child conflict had significantly main effect on fear of the positive and negative evaluation.（2） Low sensory threshold played a mediating role in the relationship between parent-child intimacy and fear of positive evaluation,while ease of excitation played a mediating role in the relationship between parent-child conflict and fear of the positive and negative evaluation;（3） Neither parent-child intimacy nor parent-child conflict could affect significantly children’s fear of positive and negative evaluation via their aesthetic sensitivity;（4） There was no significant gender difference in associations among parent-child relationship,SPS,and cognitive fear of evaluation.The current study results indicated that the parent-child relationship indirectly affects the cognitive fear of evaluation by influencing the low sensory threshold and ease of excitation of sensory processing sensitivity in high-grade primary school students.Meanwhile,the three dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity,aesthetic sensitivity,low sensory threshold,and ease of excitation,have different mechanisms in children’s social adaptive development.更多还原