【作者】 吕承颖； 张力为；

【Author】 Chengying Lyu;liwei Zhang;School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University;

【机构】 北京体育大学心理学院；

【摘要】 已有研究表明无意识目标对人心理和行为的影响十分广泛,根据其作用原理,有意地施加积极刺激以启动相应目标,就能够在潜移默化中影响人在学习和工作中的表现。在竞技运动领域,运动员在单调重复的训练环境中始终坚持训练需要良好的自我控制,因此如何帮助运动员提高自我控制能力是该领域的核心问题之一。依据心理控制点理论,正确的心理定向原则强调对过程的关注,但在运动情境下个体对结果的关注不可避免,因此本研究拟采用图片材料无意识启动大学生运动员的过程目标与结果目标以探究其对自我控制任务表现的影响。实验采用3(启动内容:过程目标/结果目标/中性启动)×2(测试次序:前测/后测)两因素混合设计,其中测量次序为组内变量,每组各有12名运动等级为国家二级及以上的大学生运动员,自变量的启动通过以不同类型图片为背景的视觉搜索任务实现,不同组完成该任务时的背景图片分别体现过程、结果与中性目标,因变量为状态自我控制量表得分与握力任务坚持时长,实验任务完成后进行操控检查以保证后续纳入分析的被试均为未意识到真正实验目的的个体。重复测量方差分析发现,在状态自我控制量表得分和握力任务坚持时长上,三组在无意识启动前后无显著差异(ps>0.163)。本研究结果提示,未来研究需要选取启动效果更佳的启动任务,并进一步控制实验参与人群特点(如仅为某一专项的运动员),以探究无意识目标启动对自我控制的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Previous studies have shown that unconscious goals have a wide range of effects on people’s psychology and behavior.According to the principle of its action,intentionally applying positive stimuli to activate corresponding goals can subtly affect people’s performance in study and work.In competitive sports,the athletes in the repetitive training environment always adhere to the training and need good self-control,so how to help athletes improve their self-control ability is one of the core problems in this field.According to the locus of control theory,the correct principle of psychological orientation emphasizes the attention to the process,but the individual’s attention to the result is inevitable in the sports situation.Therefore,this study intends to use picture materials to unconsciously activate the process goal and outcome goal of college athletes to explore their influence on the performance of self-control tasks.The experiment adopts a 3(starting content:process goal/result goal/neutral start) ×2(test order:Pre-test/post-test) two-factor mixed design,in which the measurement order is the intra-group variable,and each group has 12 college athletes with national level 2 and above.Independent variables are activated by visual search tasks with different types of pictures as the background.When completing the task,the background pictures of different groups reflect the process,result,and neutral goal respectively.The dependent variables were the State self-control scale score and the grip task’s persistence time.The control check was carried out after the completion of the experimental task to ensure that the subjects included in the subsequent analysis were individuals who did not realize the real purpose of the experiment.Repeated measures analysis of variance found that there were no significant differences between the three groups in the score of state self-control scale and the duration of grip task persistence before and after unconscious initiation(ps>0.163).The results of this study suggest that future studies need to select priming tasks with better effects,and further control the characteristics of the participants in the experiment(such as only athletes of a certain specialty) to explore the influence of unconscious goal priming on self-control.更多还原