【作者】 马昕玥； 崔丽莹；

【Author】 Ma Xinyue;Cui Liying;Department of Psychology,College of Education,Shanghai Normal University;

【机构】 上海师范大学教育学院心理学系；

【摘要】 诚实-谦逊性指在与他人交往时维护公平和真诚的倾向。作为一种亲社会人格特质,虽然有研究发现它可以促进合作,但内在机制不甚清晰。因此,基于道德基础理论和社会交换理论,本文通过两个研究系统探讨青少年的诚实-谦逊性及其与合作倾向、合作行为的关系。研究一采用追踪研究,分析了743名(50.7%女生,平均年龄11.64岁)青少年诚实-谦逊性的发展特点、对青少年合作倾向的预测作用及公正敏感性的中介作用。结果发现:(1)青少年诚实-谦逊性整体得分及其避免贪婪、真诚和公平维度随时间呈下降趋势,未发现性别差异;但是相较于小学生,中学生下降得更多。(2)青少年T1诚实-谦逊性不能直接预测T2合作倾向;但是半纵向中介检验表明,诚实-谦逊性可以通过增加犯过者公正敏感性间接降低青少年未来的合群意愿。研究二采用行为实验法,利用双人囚徒困境和四人公共物品困境来测量合作行为,考察了高、低诚实-谦逊性青少年在不同剥削诱惑水平(研究二a:88名被试,平均年龄11.61岁,54.55%女生,53.41%高诚实-谦逊性青少年)和不同剥削威胁水平(研究二b:81名被试,平均年龄11.67岁,49.38%女生,45.48%高诚实-谦逊性青少年)下的合作表现。结果发现:青少年诚实-谦逊性水平与情境的剥削威胁水平交互影响其合作行为。高诚实-谦逊性青少年在中、高剥削威胁情境的合作率均低于低剥削威胁情境;而低诚实-谦逊性青少年在中、低剥削威胁情境的合作率均高于高剥削威胁情境。综上结果表明,我国青少年的整体诚实-谦逊性水平随时间呈下降趋势,表现出人格发展的暂时性下降;同时该阶段诚实-谦逊性人格与合作的关系不似成年人那般稳健,且更为复杂。这些结果说明了在青春期早期和中期培养和发展青少年诚实-谦逊性的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a prosocial personality trait,Honesty-Humility dimension from the HEXACO model of personality refers to the tendency to be fair and genuine in dealing with others.Although some studies have found that it promotes cooperation,the intrinsic mechanisms are less clear.Therefore,based on the Moral Foundations Theory and Social Exchanges Theory,this paper systematically explores adolescents’ Honesty-Humility and its relationship with cooperativeness and cooperative behaviours.A longitudinal design was applied in Study 1 to detect the developmental characteristics of Honesty-Humility and examine the effect of this trait on cooperativeness as well as the mediating role of justice sensitivity in 743 adolescents(50.7% girls;initial Mage=11.64 years).Results:(1) A decreased tendency in Honesty-Humility dimension and the greed-avoidance,sincerity and fairness facets from T1 to T2 were observed.(2) Honesty-Humility was not a direct predictor of cooperativeness;but,the half-longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that Honesty-Humility positively predicted perpetrator sensitivity which then influence cooperativeness negatively.Study 2 applied a behavioural experimental approach to measure cooperative behaviours in different situational levels of temptation to exploit others(Study 2a:88 subjects,mean age 11.61 years,54.55% girls,53.41% adolescents with high honesty-humility)and different levels of fear being exploited by others(Study 2b:81 subjects.mean age 11.67 years,49.38% girls,45.48% high honesty-humility adolescents) by using a two-person prisoner’s dilemma and a four-person public goods dilemma among adolescents with higher and lower Honesty-Humility.A significant effect of personality and situation interaction was found in Study 2b,which demonstrated that adolescents with higher Honesty-Humility cooperated less in the medium and higher fear being exploited situations than in the lower situation;while lower Honesty-Humility adolescents cooperated less in the high situation than in the medium and low.To sum up,Honesty-Humility dimension among Chinese adolescents tends to decrease over time,showing a temporary dip in personality development;and,the link between the Honesty-Humility and cooperation at this stage of life is not as robust as in adults and is more complex.These findings highlight the value of fostering the Honesty-Humility dimension throughout early and middle adolescence.更多还原