【作者】 朱荣娟； 惠琪； 游旭群；

【Author】 Rongjuan Zhu;Qi Hui;Xuqun You;School of Management,Xi’an University of Science and Technology;Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province,School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University;

【机构】 西安科技大学管理学院； 陕西省行为与认知重点实验室,陕西师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 听觉警报失聪是指在高负荷任务中,个体无法感知周围环境中出现的意外听觉刺激。这种现象是导致飞行事故的主要原因之一,对航空安全构成巨大威胁。听觉警报失聪可能与认知资源有限性有关,高负荷任务消耗大部分认知资源导致没有足够资源加工额外的听觉刺激。而工作记忆被认为是人类认知活动的核心,能够最直观地反映认知资源的可用性。有关工作记忆与听觉警报探测的关系研究提出了单路径和双路径两种不同的理论。单路径理论从资源有限性角度阐释了工作记忆容量较高的个体具有丰富的中央注意资源用于加工意外刺激。双路径理论从认知控制和资源有限性两个视角阐述了工作记忆容量较高的个体其抑制控制能力较强,过度抑制控制导致意外刺激不被知觉;而工作记忆容量较低的个体没有足够的注意资源分配到意外刺激之上。本研究基于上述理论,旨在通过两个实验探索不同类型的工作记忆和航空听觉警报失聪之间的关系,以及从工作记忆增强的角度探索规避航空听觉警报失聪的有效途径。实验1采用模拟高负荷航空着陆决策情境,分别探究了视空间和言语工作记忆、以及中央执行功能的个体差异对听觉警报探测的影响。结果发现,视空间和言语工作记忆较高与较低的个体在航空听觉警报探测绩效上没有显著差异,符合双路径理论。而中央执行功能越高的个体其听觉警报反应敏感性较强,符合单路径理论。针对此,实验2进一步探索基于经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)技术的中央执行功能训练能否减少高负荷条件下听觉警报失聪的发生。实验中被试被分为阳极刺激训练组、伪刺激训练组和单独刺激组,刺激脑区为右侧背外侧前额叶皮层,电流大小为1.5mA,每次持续作用20分钟,训练时间为4周。结果发现,阳极tDCS联合训练组不仅能提高工作记忆执行功能,还能提升高负荷情境下的听觉警报反应敏感性。本研究结果提示高负荷情境下的听觉警报失聪与个体的中央执行功能有关,且tDCS联合中央执行功能训练可能成为提升高负荷情境下听觉警报反应敏感性的有效途径之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Auditory alarm deafness refers to the inability of individuals to perceive unexpected auditory stimuli in high-load tasks. This phenomenon is one of the main causes of aviation accidents, posing a significant threat to aviation safety. Auditory alarm deafness may be related to the limited cognitive resources, as high-load tasks consume most of the cognitive resources, leaving insufficient resources to process additional auditory stimuli.Working memory is considered the core of human cognitive activity and can intuitively reflect the availability of cognitive resources. Studies on the relationship between working memory and auditory alarm detection have proposed two different theoretical models: the single-route and dual-route theories. The single-route theory indicates that individuals with high working memory capacity have abundant central attention resources to process unexpected stimuli due to limited resources. In contrast, the dual-route theory explains that individuals with higher working memory capacity have stronger inhibitory control, and excessive inhibition leads to the failure of perceiving unexpected stimuli. On the other hand, individuals with lower working memory capacity lack sufficient attention resources to allocate to unexpected stimuli. Based on these theoretical frameworks, this study aims to explore the relationship between different types of working memory and auditory alarm deafness in aviation and investigate effective ways to mitigate auditory alarm deafness through enhancing working memory. Experiment 1investigated the effects of visual-spatial and verbal working memory, as well as central executive function, on the detection of auditory alarm during a simulated high-load aviation landing decision-making scenario. The results showed that individuals with higher visual-spatial and verbal working memory did not exhibit significant differences in auditory alarm detection performance compared to those with lower working memory, supporting the dual-route theory. However, individuals with higher central executive function displayed stronger auditory alarm sensitivity, in line with the single-route theory. Based on the findings from Experiment 1, Experiment 2further explored whether transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) combined with central executive function training could reduce auditory alarm deafness under high-load conditions, with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as the stimulation site. Participants were randomly divided into anodal tDCS + training group, sham tDCS +training group and tDCS group, respectively. The current was 1.5mA and the duration of tDCS was 20 minutes.The whole training time lasted for 4 weeks. The results revealed that anodal tDCS combined with training not only improved working memory executive function but also enhanced auditory alarm sensitivity in high-load conditions.These findings suggest that auditory alarm deafness in high-load conditions is related to individuals’ central executive function, and tDCS combined with central executive function training may serve as an effective approach to enhance auditory alarm sensitivity in such scenarios.更多还原