【作者】 连培琴； 柴彩霞； 邸美琴； 徐思元； 冯喜珍；

【Author】 Lian Peiqin;Chai Caixia;Di Meiqin;Xu Siyuan;Feng Xizhen;Institute of Education Science,Shanxi Normal University;

【机构】 山西师范大学教育科学学院；

【摘要】 社会善念作为一种低成本的亲社会行为,契合"勿以善小而不为"的理念,也符合社会主义核心价值观中"友善"的价值遵循,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注。研究显示,社会善念会受到情境的影响,而社会排斥是一种常见的社会现象,小到同学间的忽视,大到校园霸凌,屡见不鲜。研究表明,遭受社会排斥个体的归属需求、关系需求受损,社会善念会减少,但也有学者指出遭受社会排斥的个体会为了重新寻求社会连接而增加社会善念。社会排斥与社会善念之间的关系如何有待探究。需要一威胁时间模型指出,遭受社会排斥会影响个体的认知、情绪及行为,社会排斥作为一种不公正现象,可能会通过降低个体的道德认同进而减少社会善念,而感恩作为一种情感变量,可以引发个体的亲社会行为。基于此,本研究采用《大学生社会排斥问卷》、《道德认同问卷》、《大学生感恩量表》以及《社会善念量表》,以466名大学生为研究对象,考察了社会排斥对社会善念的影响以及道德认同和感恩在其间的作用机制。结果显示:(1)社会排斥与道德认同、感恩、社会善念呈显著负相关,道德认同与感恩、社会善念呈显著正相关,感恩与社会善念呈显著正相关;(2)道德认同在社会排斥对社会善念的影响中起到中介作用;(3)感恩调节了"社会排斥→道德认同→社会善念"的后半段,即当大学生的感恩水平较高时,道德认同对社会善念的促进作用增强。本研究从"小善"角度关注遭受社会排斥的大学生的社会善念情况,可为培养大学生的社会善念,特别是遭受社会排斥的大学生的社会善念提供研究证据。同时也启示学校培养学生品德,不仅要重视道德认知的提高,也应加强道德情感的培养,知、情、意协同联动,共同促进学生道德行为的增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of low-cost prosocial behavior, social mindfulness accords with the idea of "Don’t to small and not for good, it is a sin to steal a pin" and the value of "Kindness" in the core values of Chinese socialism, in recent years, researchers have paid much attention to it. Research shows that social mindfulness is influenced by context, and social exclusion is a common social phenomenon, ranging from neglect among classmates to bullying on campus. The research shows that social mindfulness will decrease when the need of belonging and relationship is impaired, but others point out that socially excluded individuals increase social mindfulness in order to reconnect. The relationship between social exclusion and social mindfulness remains to be explored. Temporal Need-threat Model shows that social exclusion, as an unjust phenomenon, may reduce the moral identity of the individual and thus the social mindfulness will be reduced, gratitude, as an emotional variable, can lead to prosocial behavior. Based on this, 466 college students were investigated with the questionnaire of social exclusion,the questionnaire of moral identity, the scale of gratitude for college students and the scale of social mindfulness,this paper examines the impact of social exclusion on social mindfulness and the mechanism of moral identity and gratitude. The results show that:(1) social exclusion has a significant negative correlation with moral identity,gratitude and social mindfulness, while moral identity has a significant positive correlation with gratitude and social mindfulness, and gratitude has a significant positive correlation with social mindfulness;(2) moral identity plays a mediating role in the influence of social exclusion on social mindfulness;(3) Gratitude regulates the latter part of "Social exclusion → moral identity → social mindfulness", that is, when the level of gratitude of college students is high, the role of moral identity in promoting social mindfulness is enhanced. This study focuses on the social mindfulness of college students who suffer from social exclusion from the angle of"Small kindness", it can provide research evidence for the cultivation of social mindfulness of college students, especially the social mindfulness of those who suffer from social exclusion. At the same time, in order to foster the moral character of the students, educators should not only pay attention to the improvement of moral cognition, but also strengthen the cultivation of moral emotion, knowledge, emotion and will act together to promote the increase of students’ moral behavior.更多还原