【作者】 秦楠； 高媛； 莫雷；

【Author】 Nan Qin;Yuan Gao;Lei Mo;Center for Studies of Psychological Application,South China Normal University;School of Psychology,South China Normal University;

【机构】 华南师范大学心理应用研究中心； 华南师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 情景记忆分离一直以来是学术界研究的热点问题。大量研究表明,背景变化(事件边界)损害时间方面的情景记忆,直接促进了连续的记忆经验被提取为有意义且离散的情节或事件。然而,时空信息作为情景记忆中的经验构建的重要维度,是否能够影响情景记忆分离仍然未有定论。需要采用时间背景与空间背景变化作为事件边界来体现人类情景记忆在时空情境中时间与非时间结构的关系,以进一步考察时空背景变化对情景记忆结构组织的影响,以及情景记忆分离的神经机制。据此,本研究基于事件边界范式共设计3个实验进行研究。结果发现:(1)时间背景变化会损害情景记忆的时间记忆:跨边界项目对的时间顺序记忆更差,且时间距离被主观夸大;(2)空间背景变化对情景记忆的时间与非时间方面记忆影响存在权衡现象:损害情景记忆的时间方面记忆,增强源记忆;(3)背景变化对情景记忆的非时间方面记忆影响存在权衡现象:增强项目来源记忆,损害项目本身的内容记忆;(4)背景变化能够引发生理唤醒反应,即边界处的瞳孔直径更大,情景记忆的时间记忆和项目记忆也与瞳孔扩张的不同时间特征以及唤醒状态的时间稳定性有关。综合而言,时空背景稳定性在情景记忆的结构组织中起到关键作用,是情景记忆分离效应的主要原因;而生理唤醒可能是情景记忆整合和分割的重要生理指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 There has been intense interest in the separation of episodic memory. Increasing research suggests that contextual changes, that is, event boundaries impair the temporal memory of episodic memory, directly facilitating the extraction of continuous experiences into meaningful and discrete episodes or events. However, as an important dimension of experiences construction in episodic memory, whether spatiotemporal information can affect the separation of episodic memory remains unknown. It is necessary to use the change of temporal background and spatial background as the event boundaries to reflect the relationship between the temporal and non-temporal structure of human episodic memory in the spatio-temporal context, so as to further investigate the influence of spatio-temporal background changes on the organizational structure of episodic memory and the neuromechanisms of episodic memory separation.Therefore, three experiments were conducted based on the event boundary paradigm. The results showed that:(1) temporal background changes can impair temporal memory of episodic memory: temporal order memory was significantly impaired for boundary-spanning pairs relative to same-context pairs, and boundaries elicited a subjective time expansion effect in memory.(2) The influence of spatial background changes on temporal and non-temporal features of episodic memory is trade off: boundaries impaired the temporal structure of memory but enhanced source memory.(3) There was mnemonic trade-off effect between source memory and item memory:event boundaries enhanced source memory but damaged the content memory of the item itself.(4) Changes in context, or event boundaries, elicited a burst of autonomic arousal: pupil dilation was significantly greater for boundary items than for same-context items. The temporal and item memory of episodic memory are also related to the distinct temporal characteristics of pupil dilations as well as the temporal stability of arousal states. In addition, spatiotemporal background stability which plays a key role in the structure organizations of episodic memory is the main reason for the separation effect of episodic memory. Physiological arousal may be a crucial physiological index of episodic memory integration and segmentation.更多还原