【作者】 杨继月； 孙明泽； 龙长权； 邓玮；

【Author】 Jiyue Yang;Mingze Sun;Changquan Long;Sophia W.Deng;Department of Psychology,University of Macau;Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences,University of Macau;School of Psychology,South China Normal University;Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education,Southwest University;

【机构】 澳门大学心理学系； 澳门大学认知与脑科学研究中心； 华南师范大学心理学院； 西南大学认知与人格重点实验室；

【摘要】 典型类别作为前提会比不典型类别引发更快更强的属性泛化,这被称作前提典型性效应。该效应深刻的影响人们的学习和推理。有研究认为前提典型性效应是前提和结论类别特征之间的相似性,即前提典型性效应等同前提-结论相似性。这忽略了典型性在类别结构表征中的作用。在对类别结构进行表征来形成类别概念时,典型性会影响类别成员之间的关系。因此,为了探究前提典型性效应的发生机制,本研究控制了典型、不典型前提与结论的相似性以排除前提-结论相似性的影响,借助事件相关电位(ERPs)和时频分析揭示了前提典型性效应的认知过程。34名被试完成了一项归纳任务,根据前提判断结论成立的可能性大小。研究发现,在排除了前提-结论相似性的影响后,典型前提仍比不典型前提有更快的反应时。同时,ERP和时频分析的结果显示前提典型性效应的认知过程分为两个阶段。早期阶段与心理熟悉度评估和语义加工过程有关:典型前提比不典型前提有更高的心理熟悉度、更困难的语义检索过程(前提和结论类别概念之间的语义距离较远),表现为更小的FN400波幅及更大的theta功率。晚期阶段与认知监控有关:典型前提比不典型前提引发了更少的认知监控,表现为典型前提有更小的晚期负波(SN)波幅和theta功率。这些发现表明,前提典型性不同与前提-结论相似性,即在排除了相似性的影响后,典型性还与类别概念的语义加工过程有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Typical categories as premises are more likely to generate faster and more definitely induction compared to atypical categories, which is the premise typicality effect. Some studies suggested that the premise typicality effect was equivalent to premise-conclusion similarity. However, this opinion ignored the role of typicality in the representation of category concepts. To figure out how the premise typicality effect occurs during induction, we revealed cognitive processes of the premise typicality effect by measuring event-related potentials and neural oscillations. In a category-based induction task, we excluding the influence of premise-conclusion similarity by ensuring the similarity between typical premises and conclusions as low as the similarity between atypical premises and conclusions. Participants were required to rate how likely premises support conclusions.Results showed that typical premises still had faster induction than atypical premises after excluding the influence of premise-conclusion similarity. Moreover, we found that the cognitive processes of the premise typicality effect consisted of two stages. The early stage was related to familiarity assessment and semantic processing. In specific,typical premises had higher psychological familiarity and a more difficult semantic retrieval process which was related to the semantic distance between categories, revealed by less FN400 amplitudes and larger early theta power. The late stage of the cognitive process of the premise typical effects was cognitive monitoring. Typical premises had less cognitive monitoring than atypical premises, revealed by less SN amplitudes and late theta power. These findings showed that the premise typicality effect was distinct from the premise-conclusion similarity. Typicality involved semantic processing related to category concepts after excluding the influence of premise-conclusion similarity.更多还原