【作者】 刘芝塞； 杨光； 杨秀杰； 陈路遥； 刘友谊； 丁国盛； 闫国利； 吴俊杰；

【Author】 Zhisai Liu;Guang Yang;Xiujie Yang;Luyao Chen;Youyi Liu;Guosheng Ding;Guoli Yan;Junjie Wu;Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University;Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;School of International Chinese Language Education,Beijing Normal University;State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院； 天津师范大学心理学部； 北京师范大学心理学部； 北京师范大学国际中文教育学院； 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 语言能力是日常工作和生活中必不可少的能力。前人研究大多考察安静环境或者单一背景声音下的语言加工过程,尚不清楚危机情境下语言能力的机制。危机情境是一种以"高压力"、"强噪音"为特点的特殊情境,是消防员、武警、医生等特殊职业从业者工作中的典型场景。相关从业者需要在这类场景中,快速且准确地捕获重要的语言信息,并在此基础上进行快速精准的推理,以完成任务目标。本研究创设一个火灾救援任务场景的危机情境,招募110名大学生被试,从信息捕获、信息推理两个维度考查被试在危机情境和非危机情境下的行为指标和眼动指标的差异,以及他们的行为和眼动模式与个体的执行功能、人格等因素之间的联系。结果表明:(1)相对于非危机情境,危机情境下被试的阅读速度更快、注视次数和回视次数更多、瞳孔直径更大;(2)危机情境调节着个体执行功能与信息推理之间的关系强度。(3)瞳孔直径在情境对注视次数的影响中起部分中介的作用;(4)在人格特征方面与危机情境下表现优秀的被试越相似的个体,其在危机情境下的行为表现越好。这些结果表明,危机情境下高效的阅读过程依赖个体的执行功能、认知卷入和特定的人格特质,本研究拓展了我们对复杂现实场景下的语言能力机制的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 Language competence is an essential skill in daily life. Previous studies have predominantly focused on language processing in quiet environments or with single background sounds, leaving the mechanisms of language ability in emergencies still need to be clarified. Emergencies present ’high-pressure’ and ’strong noise’situations for professionals like firefighters, armed police, and doctors. In such situations, these professionals need to accurately capture important information while reading and inferencing to fulfill their tasks. In the present study,we simulated an emergency fire rescue scenario and recruited 110 college students to participant the experiment.We examined the differences in behavioral and eye movement indicators between participants in emergency and non-emergency situations, focusing on information capture and inference. Additionally, we also explored the relationships between their behavior, eye movement patterns, and individual factors such as executive functions and personality traits. The results revealed the following key findings:(1) compared with the non-emergency situation, participants in the emergency situation had shorter total reading time, more fixation times, more regression times, and larger pupil diameter;(2) the emergency situation modulated the relationship between individual executive functions and information inference;(3) pupil diameter played a partial mediating role in the effect of the situation on fixation times;(4) participants who performed better in the emergency situation showed more similar in personality traits to those individuals who achieved good performance. These results indicate that individuals’ reading comprehension in emergency situations depends on their executive functions, cognitive involvement, and certain personality traits. Our study expands our understanding of the mechanisms of language competence in complex real-life scenarios.更多还原