【作者】 汪海宁； 郭玉江；

【机构】 郑州大学体育学院(校本部)； 郑州大学体育学院；

【摘要】 目的:大学时代智能手机的广泛普及对大学生活带来便利的同时,也伴随着许多潜在的问题。手机成瘾作为其中的一个主要问题,会对大学生的学业成绩、学习动机、社交能力等产生负面的影响。而坚持体育锻炼对个体戒除各种成瘾机制具有良好效果。因此,本论文旨在探讨在校大学生坚持体育锻炼对手机成瘾的影响机制,并着重关注两个潜在因素:自我控制和特质正念。自我控制是人们对诱惑和冲动的调控能力,对于抵制手机使用的冲动和保持理性、有序的生活方式至关重要。除了自我控制,特质正念强调对当下经验的关注和接受,有助于个体更加理性地认识手机使用对自身的影响,并减少因手机使用带来的消极情绪和情绪调节不良所导致的成瘾倾向。所以,特质正念在手机成瘾的影响机制中起到调节作用。方法:采用《手机依赖量表简版(SAS-SV)》《锻炼坚持性量表》《自我控制量表(简版)》和《正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)》在某省以东西南北中为方位选取5个城市的在校大学生为研究对象,并采用整群随机取样方式设计并发放1000份问卷,最终获取有效问卷902份。运用Hayes编制的SPSS宏中Model 59进行有调节的中介模型检验。结果:(1)直接效应分析:锻炼坚持对手机成瘾负向预测作用显著;(2)中介效应分析:放入中介变量自我控制后,锻炼坚持对手机成瘾的直接预测作用仍然显著。自我控制在锻炼坚持与手机成瘾的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)有调节的中介效应分析:"锻炼坚持→自我控制"的直接路径受特质正念的调节。"自我控制→手机成瘾"路径受特质正念的调节。即特质正念在中介模型的前半段和后半段路径的影响机制中起到调节作用。结论:(1)锻炼坚持对手机成瘾具有显著负向预测作用;(2)自我控制在锻炼坚持与手机成瘾间起部分中介作用;(3)"锻炼坚持→自我控制→手机成瘾"中介路径的前半段和后半段均受特质正念的调节,即锻炼坚持在高特质正念下的自我控制影响作用更显著,自我控制也在高特质正念下对手机成瘾的影响作用更显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose: The widespread prevalence of smartphones during college years has brought convenience to students’ lives but also accompanied several potential issues. Smartphone addiction, as a major concern, can negatively impact college students’ academic performance, study motivation, and social skills. On the other hand, consistent engagement in physical exercise has shown positive effects in combating various addictions.Therefore, this paper aims to explore the mechanisms through which persistent exercise during college influences smartphone addiction, with a specific focus on two potential factors: self-control and trait mindfulness.Self-control refers to individuals’ ability to regulate impulses and temptations, which is crucial in resisting the urge to use smartphones excessively and maintaining a rational and orderly lifestyle. In addition to self-control, trait mindfulness emphasizes the acceptance and non-judgmental awareness of present experiences, aiding individuals in understanding the effects of smartphone usage more objectively and reducing negative emotions and addictive tendencies caused by smartphone use. Hence, trait mindfulness may play a moderating role in the mechanisms underlying smartphone addiction.Methods: We administered the Short Version of Smartphone Addiction Scale(SAS-SV), Exercise Adherence Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) to college students from five cities in different regions(east, west, south, north, and central) of a certain province. A total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed using a cluster random sampling method, and 902 valid responses were collected. We employed Hayes’ Model 59 in SPSS macro to test the moderated mediation model.Results:(1) Direct effects analysis: Exercise adherence significantly negatively predicted smartphone addiction.(2) Mediation analysis: After introducing the mediator self-control, the direct predictive effect of exercise adherence on smartphone addiction remained significant. Self-control partially mediated the relationship between exercise adherence and smartphone addiction.(3) Moderated mediation analysis: The direct path "exercise adherence → self-control" was moderated by trait mindfulness. The path "self-control → smartphone addiction" was also moderated by trait mindfulness. In other words, trait mindfulness played a moderating role in both the pre-and post-mediation paths of the model.Conclusion:(1) Exercise adherence significantly negatively predicted smartphone addiction.(2) Self-control partially mediated the relationship between exercise adherence and smartphone addiction.(3) The mediation paths "exercise adherence → self-control → smartphone addiction" were both moderated by trait mindfulness. This implies that exercise adherence has a more significant impact on self-control under high trait mindfulness, and self-control also has a more prominent effect on smartphone addiction under high trait mindfulness.更多还原