【作者】 刘倩文； 王振宏；

【Author】 Qianwen Liu;Zhenhong Wang;School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health;

【机构】 陕西师范大学心理学院,陕西(高校)哲学社会科学重点研究基地-儿童青少年心理与行为健康研究中心；

【摘要】 儿童亲社会行为是指儿童在社会交往中自发地对他人表达关心和共情,并做出有益于他人的行为。儿童亲社会行为在学前阶段快速发展,并出现个体差异。研究表明,催产素受体基因（oxytocin receptor gene,OXTR）是影响个体亲社会行为的潜在候选基因之一。以往研究多采用单基因位点的方法探讨OXTR基因及其与环境因素交互对亲社会行为的影响,但研究结果并不一致且缺乏外部验证。本研究采用OXTR多基因位点累加评分（multilocus genetic profile score, MGPS）的方法,通过方便取样选取了来自高家庭社会经济地位和中低家庭社会经济地位的两个独立样本,考察了OXTR基因与作为家庭心理社会环境核心因素的家庭功能对学前儿童亲社会行为的交互作用。运用父母报告的《家庭亲密度与适应性量表》以及《长处与困难问卷》中的亲社会行为分问卷来测量家庭功能与儿童亲社会行为,采集儿童的唾液样本进行基因位点分型并基于此计算OXTR MGPS。来自高家庭社会经济地位的421名学前儿童(M_年龄=4.95岁,SD=0.95)样本的研究结果发现,OXTR MPGS的二次项与家庭功能显著交互作用于儿童的亲社会行为。具体而言,OXTR MGPS得分较高和较低的儿童均表现出对家庭功能影响的高敏感性,即在家庭功能较好的情况下会表现出更多的亲社会行为,在家庭功能较差的情况下则会表现出更少的亲社会行为,但家庭功能对OXTR MGPS得分中等学前儿童亲社会行为的影响不显著。这一结果在来自中低家庭社会经济地位的326名学前儿童(M_年龄=4.91岁,SD=0.84)样本中也得到了验证。研究结果表明,OXTR MGPS与儿童环境敏感性之间呈非线性（U型）关系,较高和较低的OXTR MGPS都可能表征着高环境敏感性,进而与家庭功能等环境因素交互影响学前儿童的亲社会行为。研究结果为深入理解儿童社会行为的基因-环境交互机制提供了不同的证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prosocial behaviors are considered voluntary actions performed to benefit others, which develop rapidly in preschoolers. Previous studies suggested that the oxytocin receptor(OXTR) gene is a potential candidate gene for prosocial behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether and how OXTR gene interacts with family environments to contribute to prosocial behaviors. This study examined the interactive effect of the OXTR gene using a multilocus genetic profile score(MGPS) approach and family functioning on preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors in two dependent samples with different backgrounds. The saliva of preschoolers was collected to genotype the OXTR SNPs, and their parents completed questionnaires to assess family functioning and preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors. In the primary sample of 421 preschoolers(Mage= 4.95 years, SD = 0.95) with higher family SES, a quadratic instead of a linear interactive effect was found. That is, preschoolers with a higher or lower OXTR MGPS were highly sensitive to family functioning, and their prosocial behaviors were more strongly affected by family functioning than those in preschoolers with a moderate OXTR MGPS. Comparable results were replicated in an independent sample of 326 preschoolers(Mage= 4.91 years, SD = 0.84) with lower-middle family SES. In conclusion, the present study first revealed the quadratic relationship between OXTR MGPS and preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors under different levels of family functioning with replication in two samples with different SES backgrounds and highlighted a U-shaped curve of the relationship between OXTR MGPS and children’s environmental sensitivity, which provide a new understanding of the complex interplay between genes and environments in children’s social behaviors.更多还原