【作者】 李曦； 曹衍淼； 王舒冉； 纪林芹； 张文新；

【Author】 LI Xi;CAO Yanmiao;WANG Shuran;JI Linqin;ZHANG Wenxin;Shandong Normal University, School of Psychology,Shandong Provincial Institute of Student Development and Mental Health;

【机构】 山东师范大学心理学院,山东省学生心理健康发展中心；

【摘要】 青少年期是亲社会行为发展的关键阶段,该时期亲社会行为的发展模式不仅与个体环境背景的动态变化有关,并且可能会因青少年期的生理过渡性特点而存在较大的个体差异。研究显示青少年早期个体经历了同伴群体的变化、重组,需要重新确立其在同伴群体中的等级地位,因而会对其亲社会行为发展轨迹产生影响。同时,多巴胺系统基因在调节个体对社会奖赏信息的反应性中发挥重要作用,可能影响个体对同伴关系变化的敏感性。基于此,本研究采用动态发展和多基因研究视角,对1044名青少年(初测年龄13.32±0.48岁, 50.1%女生)进行为期三年的追踪,考察同伴关系(同伴接纳、同伴拒绝)的发展变化对青少年亲社会行为发展变化的影响,以及多巴胺系统基因的调节作用。分别采用同伴提名和同伴评定测评青少年同伴关系和亲社会行为,采用DAT1基因rs27072多态性、DRD2基因rs1079598多态性和COMT基因rs4680多态性作为多巴胺系统基因累加得分指标。结果发现:(1)青少年亲社会行为和同伴拒绝均呈线性增长趋势,但同伴接纳没有显著的下降趋势;(2)同伴关系的初始水平能够影响亲社会行为的初始水平以及增长速度。较高的同伴接纳初始水平和较低的同伴拒绝初始水平均与亲社会行为较高的初始水平以及较低的增长速度有关;(3)同伴关系的发展速度能够影响亲社会行为的增长速度。较高的同伴接纳下降速度与较低的同伴拒绝增长速度均与亲社会行为较高的增长速度有关;(4)多巴胺系统多基因累加得分调节了同伴拒绝初始水平与亲社会行为初始水平以及发展速度间的关系。具体而言,相较于高分组青少年,低分组青少年同伴拒绝的初始水平越高,其亲社会行为初始水平越低且增长速度越快。本研究为青少年期同伴关系与亲社会行为的动态关联以及亲社会行为的多基因遗传基础提供了新的证据,促进了对亲社会行为个体差异和发生发展机制的理解。更多还原

【Abstract】 As markers of positive social functioning, prosocial behaviors(i.e., actions that are taken with an intention to benefit others such as sharing, comforting, cooperation, and helping) have drawn increasing attention due to their contributions to enhance adaptive outcomes and mitigate maladaptive outcomes. Adolescence is a critical developmental period for internalizing prosocial values, which may be related to the dramatic changes in developmental background and physiology. Considering the changes and restructuring of peer groups in early adolescents, adolescents need to re-establish their peer status, which may influence the development of prosocial behavior. Moreover, adolescents exposed to peer environments vary widely in their susceptibility to prosocial behavior, often as a result of their genetic predispositions. Behavioral genetics and recent molecular genetics evidence indicated that the genes involved in dopamine neurotransmission and metabolism work in an additive manner to influence the sensitivity to the environment. However, there is a lack of exploration regarding the dynamic trajectory of the relationship between peer relationships and prosocial behavior, and whether the dynamic relationship was moderated by the dopaminergic genes in a longitudinal framework. Adopting the multilocus genetic profile score(MGPS) approach, the present study aimed to explore the dynamic trajectory of the relationship between peer relationships and prosocial behavior, and whether the dynamic association was moderated by dopaminergic genes.Participants were 1044 adolescents who were followed from age 13 to 15(mean age 13.32 ± 0.48 years old at Time 1, 50.1% females). Adolescents’ saliva samples were collected at age 13. Adolescents’ prosocial behaviors were assessed by peer-rated and peer relationships were assessed using the within-classroom peer nomination annually. All measures showed good reliability. The MGPS was compiled by DRD2 gene rs1079598polymorphism, DAT1 gene rs27072 polymorphism, and COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism, reflecting the additive effects of alleles conferring relatively increased dopamine activity. Genotyping in three dopaminergic genes was performed for each participant in real-time with MassARRAY RT software version 3.0.0.4 and analyzed using the MassARRAY Typer software version 3.4(Sequenom). The parallel latent growth model and multiple group comparison analyses were used to examine the relationship between the developmental trajectories of peer relationships and prosocial behavior and the moderating role of dopaminergic genes.The results showed that adolescents’ prosocial behavior and peer rejection increased linearly while peer acceptance remained relatively stable during the follow-up period. Higher initial levels of peer rejection and lower levels of peer acceptance were associated with lower initial levels and slower growth of prosocial behavior. The change rates of peer relationships were associated with the developmental change of prosocial behavior, that is, the steeper decrease in peer acceptance and the slower increase in peer rejection were associated with a greater increase in prosocial behavior over time. In addition, the relationships between the initial level of peer rejection and the initial level and growth in prosocial behavior were moderated by MGPS, with lower MGPS being more sensitive to the initial level of peer rejection. These findings lend support to the dynamic relationship between peer relationships and prosocial behavior and shed light on the complex polygenic underpinnings of prosocial behavior.更多还原