【作者】 李芊诺； 路海东；

【Author】 Qiannuo Li;Haidong Lu;School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University;Wuxi Shuofang Middle School;

【机构】 东北师范大学心理学院； 无锡市硕放中学；

【摘要】 最初在教学材料中添加诱人细节是为了吸引学生注意力,提高学习兴趣。一方面诱人细节存在不可忽视的情感益处,另一方面诱人细节被发现损害学生的认知过程从而降低学习成绩产生了诱人细节效应。但随着研究的不断丰富,发现诱人细节效应也存在一定边界条件,这些发现对于如何发挥诱人细节的积极作用,减少其不利影响具有重要的意义。本研究以大学生为被试,在有关病毒与免疫的多媒体学习中,对学习材料复杂程度、诱人细节、学习目标进行操纵,并对学习者的保持和迁移成绩、自我报告的认知负荷、学习动机、情境兴趣以及学习过程中的眼动指标进行了测量。研究包括两个实验。实验一采用2(学习文本的复杂程度:简单vs.复杂)×2(诱人细节:有vs.无)两因素被试间设计;实验二采用2(诱人细节:有vs.无)×2(学习目标:呈现vs.不呈现)两因素被试间设计。本研究得出以下结论:(1)学习材料的复杂性是诱人细节效应产生的一个重要的边界条件。在简单学习材料中添加诱人细节并不影响学习者的学习成绩,而在复杂学习材料中添加诱人细节会降低学习者的学习成绩,表现出诱人细节效应。(2)在学习材料中增加诱人细节具有提高学习者的学习动机和情境兴趣的积极作用。(3)学习目标的呈现对诱人细节效应起缓冲调节作用。呈现学习目标通过增加学习者对学习文本的注视时间和注视次数从而提高了学习成绩,学习者对学习文本的注视时间和注视次数在学习目标呈现对学习成绩的影响中起到中介作用,在有诱人细节条件下,学习者对学习文本的注视次数在学习目标呈现对学习成绩的影响中起到中介作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seductive details were originally added to teaching materials to attract students’ attention and increase their interest in learning. On the one hand, seductive details have emotional benefits that cannot be ignored; on the other hand, seductive details have been found to damage students’ cognitive processes and thus reduce their academic performance, resulting in seductive details effect. This study took college students as subjects,manipulated the complexity, seductive details and learning objectives of the learning materials in the multimedia learning about viruses and immunity, and measured the learners’ retention and transfer performance, self-reported cognitive load, learning motivation, situational interest and eye movement indicators during the learning process.The study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, used a 2(seductive details: with vs. without) × 2(complexity of learning material: simple vs. Complex) between-subjects design; In experiment 2, used a 2(seductive details: with vs. without) × 2(learning goals :with vs. without) between-subjects design. This study draws the following conclusions:(1) The complexity of learning materials is an important boundary condition for the seductive detail effect. Adding seductive details to simple learning materials does not affect learners’ academic performance, while adding seductive details to complex learning materials will reduce learners’ academic performance, showing the effect of seductive details.(2) Adding seductive details to learning materials has a positive effect on improving learners’ learning motivation and situational interest.(3) The presentation of learning objectives plays a moderating role in the effect of seductive details. Presenting learning objectives improves learning performance by increasing learners’ dwell time and fixation count of learning texts. Learners’ dwell time and fixation count of learning texts play a mediating role in the influence of the presentation of learning objectives on learning performance. Under condition of seductive details, The fixation count on learning text plays a mediating role in the influence of learning goal presentation on learning achievement.更多还原