【作者】 曹阳； 朱波； 冯振秀； 周小凤； 吕博； 张燕； 方瑞； 严玉萍；

【Author】 Cao Yang;Zhu Bo;Feng Zhenxiu;Zhou Xiaofeng;Lü Bo;Zhang Yan;Fang Rui;Yan Yuping;Agricultural Science Institute of the Fifth Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps;Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Land Reclamation Sciences;Industrial Crops Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Breeding in the Middle Reaches of the Changjiang River of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;

【机构】 新疆生产建设兵团第五师农业科学研究所； 新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所； 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业农村部长江中游棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室；

【摘要】 通过田间鉴定和分析种质性状分布及变异特点,筛选出对科研有重大利用价值的核心资源,利用这些种质可选育出符合新疆棉花产业需求的突破性品种。2018—2019年,以保存的396份陆地棉品种资源为鉴定对象,研究了6个生育相关性状、6个产量相关性状、5个纤维品质相关性状和田间黄萎病变异及分布情况。结果表明,供试陆地棉种质具有丰富的遗传多样性。生育期在116～125 d适宜范围的材料占51.8%。株高在60.0 cm以上的材料较少,占17.9%;第一果节高度在20.0 cm以上的材料占39.9%,可满足新疆机采棉采收要求。铃重以5.0～5.4 g居多,占总数的39.4%;衣分整体较高,超过40%的占68.7%。产量差异大,籽棉产量在4 501～5 250 kg·hm-2的较多,占总数28.0%,皮棉产量达2 400 kg·hm^-2以上的高产种质占20.0%。黄萎病发病高峰平均校正病情指数为22.9,病指10.0以下的有73份,病指10.0～20.0的有125份。纤维长度30.0 mm以上的占36.7%,马克隆值3.7～4.2（A级）的材料占33.6%,断裂比强度30.0 cN·tex^-1以上的材料占69.2%,其中超过32.0 cN·tex^-1的有104个,占26.3%。生育相关性状变异程度排序:空果枝数>第一果节高度>株高>果枝数>第一果枝节位>生育期。产量相关性状变异程度排序:皮棉产量>籽棉产量>单株结铃数>铃重>籽指>衣分。纤维品质相关性状变异程度排序:断裂比强度>马克隆值>纤维长度。长度整齐度指数和断裂伸长率变异很小,变异系数分别为1.21%和1.87%。种质间的黄萎病病指变异系数高,可用于选育抗病种质。鉴定出红叶材料1份、鸡脚叶材料3份、无酚材料2份及高断裂比强度等特异资源。筛选出新陆早82号、新陆早61号、鲁K638等16份品质与产量表现优良、不同地域来源的优异种质,可用于棉花育种、扩大新疆棉花新品种遗传多样性。更多还原

【Abstract】 We can grasp the distribution and variation of the characteristics of germplasm resources by field identification and analysis.Selection of the core resources of great value for scientific researches can be used for breeding breakthrough varieties that meet the needs of cotton industry in Xinjiang.The phenotypic variation and distribution of 6 growth-related traits,6 yield-related traits,5 fiber quality-related traits and resistance to Verticillium wilt of 396 upland cotton varieties in field were studied from 2018 to 2019.There were high genetic diversities in the tested cotton germplasms.The proportion of germplasms with growth period ranged from 116 d to 125 d was 51.8%;the proportion of germplasms with plant height over 60.0 cm was 17.9%;the proportion of germplasms with the first fruit node height over 20.0 cm was 39.9%,which could meet the demand of machine harvesting in Xinjiang.The proportion of germplasms with boll weight ranged from 5.0 g to 5.4 g was 39.4%;the proportion of germplasms with lint percentage over40% was 68.7%;the proportion of germplasms with seed cotton yield ranged from 4 501 to 5 250 kg·hm^-2was 28.0%;the proportion of varieties with lint yield over 2 400 kg·hm^-2 was 20.0%.The average of corrected Verticillium wilt disease index at the peak of the disease was 22.9.There were 73 cotton germplasms with disease index below 10.0 and 125 cotton germplasms with disease index ranged from10.0 to 20.0.The proportion of cotton germplasms with fiber length over 30.0 mm was 36.7%,33.6% cotton germplasms with micronaire values ranged from 3.7 g to 4.2 g（grade A）.And 69.2% cotton germplasms with fiber strength were over 30.0 cN·tex^-1,104 germplasms exceeded 32.0 cN·tex^-1 accounting for 26.3%.The degree of variation of growth-related traits was the empty fruit branch number> the first fruit node height> plant height> fruit branch number> first fruit node position> growth period.And the degree of variation of yield-related traits was lint yield> seed cotton yield> boll number per plant> boll weight>seed index> lint percentage.The degree of variation of fiber quality-related traits was fiber strength> micronaire value> fiber length,and the coefficient of variation of uniformity and elongation were 1.21% and1.87%,respectively.The coefficient of variation of disease of Verticillium wilt in tested germplasms was high,which means those gerplasms could be used to breed disease-resistant variety.By this research,one line with red leaf,3 lines with chicken foot leaf,2 lines with phenol-free and several lines with high fiber strength were identified.Sixteen excellent germplasms with high quality and yield from different regions,such as Xinluzao 82,Xinluzao 61 and Lu K638,were selected,which could be used in cotton breeding to expand the genetic diversity of new cotton varieties in Xinjiang.更多还原