【作者】 秦宇坤； 李鹏程； 郑苍松； 孙淼； 张丽娟； 董合林；

【Author】 Qin Yukun;Li Pengcheng;Zheng Cangsong;Sun Miao;Zhang Lijuan;Dong Helin;Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology;

【机构】 江西省棉花研究所； 中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 为解决黄河流域棉田氮肥基追比不明确问题,设置6个氮肥基追比（不施氮,氮肥基施、初花期与盛花期追施比分别为10:0:0、6:4:0、4:6:0、4:4:2和4:2:4）,施纯氮量固定为180 kg·hm^-2,探讨氮肥运筹对棉花生长、产量及土壤速效氮的影响。结果表明:氮肥基追比4:6较不施氮和完全基施显著增加棉花株高和单株干物质积累量,其出苗后109 d单株干物质积累量较其它处理最高增加44.8%,铃重较其它处理显著增加2.5%～5.9%,籽棉产量较其它处理增产幅度4.3%～11.0%,棉花氮农学利用率、氮肥回收率与氮肥偏生产力较氮肥完全基施显著增加。各处理0—60 cm土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量在初花期后持续降低,氮肥基追比4:6处理收获期40—60 cm土壤硝态氮残留量较其它处理未显著增加。综上,氮肥基追比4:6处理棉花长势好,籽棉产量高,对氮素的吸收利用效率较高,是适合当地的氮肥运筹。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to solve the problem of unclear base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton fields in the Yellow River Basin.Six nitrogen fertilizer basal dressing ratio treatments were set up（without nitrogen application,basal dressing of nitrogen fertilizer,top dressing ratio of initial flowering stage and full flowering stage were 10:0:0,6:4:0,4:6:0,4:4:2 and 4:2:4,respectively）.The amount of pure nitrogen applied was fixed at 180 kg·hm^-2,to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on cotton growth,yield and soil available nitrogen.The results showed that the basal-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer 4:6 significantly increased cotton plant height and dry matter accumulation.The dry matter accumulation per plant increased by 44.8%,boll weight by 2.5%-5.9% and seed cotton yield by 4.3%-11.0%.The agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen,recovery rate of nitrogen fertilizer and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton are significantly higher than that of complete base application of nitrogen fertilizer.The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-60 cm soil of each treatment continued to decrease after the initial flowering stage,while the residual nitrate nitrogen in 40-60 cm soil of 4:6 N fertilizer base topdressing ratio did not increase significantly compared with other treatments.In conclusion,the treatment of 4:6 N fertilizer base-topdressing ratio had better growth,higher seed cotton yield and higher nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,which was suitable for local nitrogen fertilizer management.更多还原