【作者】 唐淑荣； 孟俊婷； 韦京艳； 顼亚玺； 魏守军；

【机构】 中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 棉花是我国重要的经济作物,是纺织工业的主要原料,棉花纤维品质的优劣与纺织品质量及植棉业的发展密切相关。精确分析我国棉花纤维品质的区域特征分布规律和开展纤维品质综合性评价,对我国棉花育种方向和产业发展具有重要意义。本研究以2005-2014年我国国家级棉花区域试验531个参试品种的纤维品质主要性状指标（上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值和纺纱均匀性指数）为分析对象,系统研究我国近十年间棉花不同品种类型（杂交棉、常规棉）、不同熟性类型（早熟、中熟、早中熟）、不同生态区（黄河流域棉区、长江流域棉区及西北内陆棉区）棉花纤维品质时空分布的规律,运用作物同异育种理论对其进行同异性分析和综合性评价,并根据GGE（基因型主效（G）加基因型（G）与环境互作效应（E）模型）双标图对品种的适应性和纤维品质特征分布进行区域划分。同时以2005-2014年纤维品质数据建立灰色GM（1,1）预测模型,预测未来5年和10年我国棉花纤维品质的发展趋势。主要研究结果如下:1基于灰色关联度分析的不同熟性棉花品种纤维品质特征与分类评价。采用灰色多维综合评估方法,对2005-2014年国家级棉花品种区域试验早熟、中熟和早中熟类型棉花品种的主要纤维品质性状分析表明:（1）达到国家审定标准高产优质（Ⅰ型）、普通优质（Ⅱ型）的品种数量,中熟棉品种分别占其参试品种总数的比例为0.54%和12.63%,早中熟棉品种为0.57%和17.14%,早熟棉为7.09%和18.44%。（2）纤维长度和比强度与理想品种性状的灰色关联系数较高,其次是纺纱均匀性指数,再次为马克隆值。（3）通过灰色关联度分析纤维质量性状与理想性状比较,黄河流域棉区中熟棉纤维品质优于长江流域棉区中熟棉;西北内陆棉区早熟棉纤维品质综合性状表现最佳,是我国优质棉生产和品种布局的首选的重要熟性类型,其次是黄河流域棉区和长江流域棉区的中熟棉类型。（4）我国棉花品种中熟棉类型主要分布在长江流域和黄河流域棉区,近五年西北内陆棉区的中熟棉品种有所增加。中熟棉品种纤维长度分布范围在28.7～30.3 mm,可适纺中高档纱所需长度标准要求。近几年,黄河流域棉区中熟品种的纤维长度和比强度有所下降,比强度分布在29.6～31.0 cN·tex^-1范围,属中等偏上的水平。三大棉区不同熟性类型马克隆值差异明显,长江流域棉区的马克隆值高于黄河流域棉区,而黄河流域棉区中熟棉品种马克隆值又高于西北内陆棉区早中熟棉品种,且黄河流域马克隆值在2010-2014年期间提高幅度较大,出现马克隆值6.0的现象。（5）研究表明棉花≥10℃有效积温是影响中熟常规棉和杂交棉纤维品质的最主要因子。2基于同异性分析的不同类型棉花品种纤维品质特征与分类评价。运用作物育种同异性分析理论,对杂交棉和常规棉品种的纤维品质进行综合评价,结果表明:（l）所有参试品种纤维品质符合国家棉花审定标准优质Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的品种分别占参试品种总数的0.94%和22.98%,另外有76.08%的品种符合普通高产（Ⅲ型）和未达到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型的型外品种。其中常规棉品种纤维品质符合国家棉花审定标准优质Ⅰ型、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型的品种数分别占其相应类别参试品种的比例分别为1.58%、28.42%和14.74%;杂交棉品种纤维品质符合国家棉花审定标准优质Ⅰ型、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型的品种分别占其相应类别参试品种的比例分别为0.59%、19.94%和10.56%。（2）黄河流域常规棉、杂交棉纤维品质综合同一度分别为0.869 3和0.888 8;长江流域杂交棉综合同一度为0.864 3;西北内陆棉区综合同一度为0.890 5。不同棉区常规棉与杂交棉纤维品质性状比较表明,西北内陆棉区常规棉品种纤维品质性状优于黄河流域杂交棉;而黄河流域杂交棉又优于黄河流域常规棉和长江流域杂交棉,黄河流域常规棉与长江流域杂交棉纤维品质性状差异不显著。黄河流域棉区是适宜种植推广中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的常规棉的区域。长江流域棉区适宜种植中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的杂交棉区域。而西北内陆棉区适合种植长强细的优质常规棉区域,西北内陆棉区常规棉的种植是最具发展潜力的品种类型,可作为棉纺工业纺中高支纱的优质棉生产基地,对优化我国优质区域布局和种植结构调整有重要参考价值。3基于GGE分析的不同生态区棉纤维品质区域分布特征与生态区划研究。以黄河流域19个、西北内陆早熟区6个和早中熟10个试验点作为试验环境材料分析。运用GGE模型划出双标图,旨在研究黄河流域和西北内陆棉区试验环境与品质性状互作模式,对品质性状选择和适宜的生态区进行探讨与划分,并基于GGE双标图对预测原棉纺纱能力的纺纱均匀性指数与其他指标的相关性进行研究。结果表明:（1）纺纱均匀性指数与上半部平均长度、比强度和长度整齐度指数呈极显著正相关,与断裂伸长率、反射率、马克隆值相关不显著。（2）黄河流域棉区可划分为3个特征明显的纤维品质生态区。第Ⅰ生态区包括江苏的泗阳和响水,安徽灵璧,新乡和商丘,其纤维长度、比强度和马克隆值协调较好,综合纤维品质优良,可称为"优质纤维生态区"。第Ⅱ生态区包括大荔、西华、宁津、石家庄和故城,其马克隆值较高,纤维长度和比强度表现中等,可称为"普通纤维生态区"。第Ⅲ生态区包括杨凌、运城、安阳、邯郸、沧州、天津、惠民、金乡和临清,其马克隆值最低,其余性状表现中等,可称为"低马克隆值生态区"。（3）西北内陆早熟棉区由优质到普通可划分为3个生态区:第Ⅱ生态区包括精河;第Ⅰ生态区包括乌苏和新疆生产建设兵团第六师昌吉（简称ACD6,以下类同）;第Ⅲ生态区包括第七师125团、第八师121团、石河子以及敦煌。（4）西北内陆棉区早中熟区由优质到普通亦可划分为3个生态区:第Ⅲ生态区包括莎车、轮台、巴州、库车、疏附、第一师阿拉尔);第Ⅱ生态区包括麦盖提和第三师喀什;第Ⅰ生态区是阿克苏。4基于灰色预测模型的国家棉花品种区域试验纤维品质时空分布与发展趋势运用灰色预测法,旨在构建黄河流域、长江流域和西北内陆棉区的纤维品质灰色预测模型,探索国家棉花区域试验纤维品质时空分布规律,并对未来5年和10年纤维品质发展趋势进行预测。结果表明:10年期间国家棉花区试参试品种的综合纤维品质总体呈逐年提升趋势。纤维长度表现较优,分布阈值有所提高（27.0～32.0 mm）,且多数品种纤维长度达到29 mm或30 mm,比强度呈增大趋势。长江流域棉区比强度达到"很强"档水平(31.0 cN·tex^-1)的品种所占比例2011年达到61.1%。马克隆值在棉区间差异显著,黄河流域棉区马克隆值逐年增高,由B2档（4.3～4.9）向C2档（5.0及以上）变化;长江流域棉区马克隆值偏高,基本维持在C2档水平;西北内陆棉区马克隆值较优,分布在A档（3.7～4.2）和B2档（4.3～4.9）。纺纱均匀性指数由高到低依次为西北内陆棉区、长江流域棉区和黄河流域棉区,其中分布在130～149（可纺40～50中支纱）品种所占比例为80.0%。总之,近10年国家棉花区试参试品种综合纤维品质总体上西北内陆棉区相对较优,其次为长江流域棉区,再次为黄河流域棉区。预测在未来5年和10年,黄河流域纤维品质呈明显下降趋势,长江流域略微上升,而西北内陆则呈显著下降趋势,这些变化应引起国家棉花品种区域试验、棉花育种工作者及审定管理部门的高度重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cotton is the most important cash crop,which is the main raw material for the textile industry.The quality of cotton fiber is closely related to the textile products and development of cotton planting industry.So it has a historical significance to find out the distribution of cotton fiber quality in major cotton producing area in China.Based on indicators（upper half mean length,breaking strength,micronaire and spinning consistency index） of 531 regional trial cotton fiber from 2005 to 2014,we performed a systematic research about dynamics with different types of mature,cotton varieties and ecological zones.At the same time,we also give a comprehensive assessment of fiber traits and provide an egionalization according to the sub-region adaptation.Finally,based on the fiber quality data in 2005-2014,the grey prediction model and GGE model（Genotype main effect（G） and genotype（G） and the environment interaction effect（E）combined with the model） was established to predict the development trend of cotton fiber quality in China in the next 5 years and 10 years.The main results were as follows:1 Classification evaluation and fiber quality characteristics with different maturity cotton varieties based on grey relational analysis Fiber quality traits of different maturity types were analyzed with Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive Assessment（GMCA）.Data sets were collected from national cotton regional trials from 2005 to 2014,including early-maturing,early-medium maturing and medium maturing variety trials in the Northwest Inland（NWI）,the Yellow River Valley（YeRV） and the Yangtze River Valley（YaRV）.Results were concluded that,（1） There are 0.54% and 12.63% of all candidate lines of medium maturity divided into high yield and good quality（type Ⅰ）and common quality（type Ⅱ）of standard varieties,respectively,the proportions of early-maturing are 7.09% and 18.44%,and early-mid maturing cotton were 0.57% and 17.14% correspondingly.（2） Fiber length and strength is higher than ideal varieties characters of grey correlation coefficient,followed by spinning consistency index,again for micronaire.（3） Comparing fiber quality with ideal traits via grey relational analysis,fiber quality of medium maturing varieties in the YeRV is better than medium maturing varieties in the YaRV.Comprehensive characters of fiber quality early-maturing cotton is the best maturing type in the NWIV.It is the first most important types in high-quality cotton production and breeding procedures in the NWIV.Secondly the most important cotton types are focused on medium-maturing variety in both YeRV and YaRV in China.（4） Medium-maturing varieties have mainly distributed in the YeRV and YaRV in China,nearly five years,medium maturing cotton varieties increased in the NWIV.Overall,in range on fiber length distribution of medium maturing varieties was 28.7-30.3 mm,which reached requirement standard of high quality yarn.In recent years,it had a downward trend on fiber length and strength of cotton varieties in the YeRV,strength distribution range 29.6-31.0 cN·tex^-1,medium to upper level.Micronaire of three eco-region cotton with different maturity types have significant difference,micronaire of the YaRV had higher than the YeRV,and the YeRV had higher than in the NWIV.It had greatly increased over period from 2010 to 2014,micronaire has appeared more than 6.0.（5） This study shows that above 10℃ temperature sum is the primary factor affecting fiber quality of conventional and hybrid cotton of medium-maturing varieties.2 Classification evaluation and fiber quality characteristics with different types cotton varieties based on the identical and different method Fiber quality had been analyzed for the comprehensive evaluation of hybrid and conventional cotton varieties with the identical and different method in crop breeding fields.The results showed:（1） Fiber quality characters in all of test varieties conformsed to the National Cotton Standards for examination and approval of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ species accounted for total varieties of 0.94%,22.98% and 76.08% with common high yield type Ⅲ and did not reach type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ varieties.Conventional cotton varieties with fiber quality qualified to type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,accounted for all of conventional varieties were 1.58%,28.4%and 14.76%;while proportions for hybrid cotton were 5.87%,19.94% and 10.56%,respectively.（2） The identical degree of conventional and hybrid cultivars in the YeRV was estimated as 0.869 3 and 0.888 8,the identical degree of hybrid cotton in the YaRV was 0.864 3,and that of cotton varieties in the NWIV was0.890 5 correspondingly.Fiber quality of conventional cotton in the NWIV was better than hybrid cotton in the YeRV,latter was better than those of conventional cultivars in the YeRV and hybrid cotton in the YaRV,which were no significant differences.In brief,fiber quality of conventional in the NWIV were proved to be of the most prospective potential types,which could be of important reference value in optimizing high-quality regional layout and adjusting cotton planting structure.It has suitable planting cotton area that medium length and high strength and medium micronaire of conventional varieties in the YeRV.The YaRV is suitable for planting long length and high strength and high micronaire for hybrid cotton variety.And the NWIV is suitable for planting long and fine quality of conventional varieties,as cotton industry spinning high yarn an important high-quality cotton production base.In brief,the fiber quality traits of conventional in the NWIV were proved to be of the most prospective potential cotton types,which could be of important reference value in optimizing high-quality cotton regional layout and adjusting planting structure in China.3 Studies on regional distribution characteristics and ecological regionalization of cotton fiber quality in different ecological regions based on GGE analysis Environment material were 19 sites of the YeRV,7 sites of early-maturing and 10 sites on early-medium maturing in the NWIV.To draw the double plot with GGE biplot method.Cotton fiber quality performance and environment interaction patterns based on the selection fiber quality breeding traits,correlation between spinning consistency index and fiber traits were explored with GGE biplot method to analyze the potential ecological regions.Research results showed that:（1） the significant correlations were found among fiber spinning consistency index,fiber length,strength and uniformity and Micronaire was significant related with elongation negatively,while no significant relationships among other traits were detected.（2）The target cotton planting region in the YeRV could be divided into three eco-regions in terms of fiber quality.Eco-region Ⅰ including Siyang,Xiangshui,Lingbi,Xinxiang and Shangqiu.This eco-region characterized by best performances because fiber length,strength,uniformity and spinning consistency index were developed harmoniously,which was named as "super quality ecological regions.The eco-region Ⅱ covering Dali,Xihua,Shijiazhuang,Gucheng and Ningjin was characterized by relative higher micronaire,moderate performances of fiber length and strength,relative poor spinning consistency index,so named as"moderate fiber ecological region".Eco-region Ⅲ containing of Yangling,Yuncheng,Anyang,Handan,Cangzhou,Tianjin,Huimin,Jinxiang and Linqing,It was characterized by lower micronaire,called as "low micronaire ecological region".（3） It was also divided into three eco-regions of early maturing in the NWIV,as bellow:eco-region Ⅱ（i.e.Jinghe）;eco-regionⅠ [covering Usu and ACD6（the sixth Division of Agriculture production and Construction corps in Xinjiang,in brief,the similar below）];eco-region Ⅲ（Dunhuang,ACD7,ACD8,and Shihezi）.（4） Early-medium maturing cotton planting regions of the NWIV was similarly separated into three eco-regions,eco-region Ⅲ including Yarkand,Luntai,Bazhou,Kuqa,Shufu,ACD1,Tahe;eco-region Ⅱ including Maigaiti and ACD3;eco-region Ⅰ including Aksu.4 Trends and temporal-spatial distribution of fiber quality in the national cotton variety regional trials based on GM（1,1） model This study applied Grey Predicting Model to predict the trend of cotton fiber quality for next 5 years and 10 years in the YeRV,YaRV and NWIV.The temporal and spatial distribution of three cotton producing regions were analyzed.The results showed that overall fiber quality of the Regional Cotton Variety Trials was improved from 2005 to 2014.Fiber length showed excellent and the distribution of threshold increased to 27.0-32.0 mm,which fiber length of most cultivars reached 29 mm or 30 mm.Fiber strength showed generally increase trend.The proportion of high level(31.0 cN·tex^-1) had as high as 61.1% over all testing cultivars in 2011 in the YaRV.Micronaire was significantly different between three major cotton regions.In the YeRV,micronaire was increased from class B2（4.3-4.9） to class C（≥5.0）.In the YaRV,it maintained in a high level of class C;while it performed excellent in class A（3.7-4.2） and B2 in the NWIV.As a comprehensive fiber quality trait,spinning consistency index decreased from the NWIV,the YaRV and the YeRV,and had ranged from 130 to 149,which was suitable for 40-50 yarn count and accounted for about over the total 80.0%.We concluded that the NWIV had the best fiber quality,followed by the YaRV,and the YeRV in recent ten years.In the near future,fiber quality in the regional cotton variety trails would slightly increase in the YaRV,but significantly decrease in the YeRV and the NWIV.These changes should be highly concerned for breeders,the committee of National Cotton Variety Regional trials and approval of management department in China.更多还原