【作者】 夏绍南； 张允昔； 王涛；

【Author】 Xia Shaonan;Zhang Yunxi;Wang Tao;Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province;

【机构】 江西省棉花研究所；

【摘要】 棉花生育过程中外源激素的刺激是达到其营养生长与生殖生长协调的重要因素,且受品种类型和用量、应用目的、农作物生育期及其表现、天气状况等制约。为了比较萘乙酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、芸薹素、复硝酚钠和胺鲜酯6种植物生长促进剂在赣北植棉区移栽棉上分期（三叶期、现蕾期、开花初期和盛花结铃期）叶面喷施的作用,分析其对棉花生长、产量、品质和增效的影响,试验采用人工和小型无人机于棉花不同时期分别进行叶面喷施。结果表明:6种植物生长促进剂对棉花生长发育均有促进作用,可提高籽棉产量2.40%～11.53%;对纤维品质的影响有好有坏,复硝酚钠略为改善纤维品质,萘乙酸和赤霉素使纤维品质一定程度变劣。细胞分裂素和复硝酚钠对棉花前中期的生长促进作用明显,胺鲜酯和芸薹素对棉花生长的促进作用表现前弱后强的态势,赤霉素和萘乙酸对最终株高增长促进明显,但对棉花生殖生长促进不明显;芸薹素和萘乙酸可提高铃重,芸薹素和胺鲜酯混合喷施效果不如各自单用好;各促进剂对棉花生育期和生育时期影响不明显,促早熟效果也不明显。人工喷施其增效除芸薹素为正效益外,其他均为负效益;若采用小型无人机喷施,除赤霉素处理不能获得效益外,其他处理增效幅度在128.13～1 185.50元·hm^-2。综合评价:叶面喷施芸薹素增加的产量（增产11.53%）和效益(增效1 185.00元·hm^-2)最好,可进一步示范试验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exogenous hormone stimulation is a crucial factor to achieve the coordination of vegetative growth and reproductive growth in the process of cotton growth,and also effected by variety type and dosage,the purpose of the application,crop growth period and its performance,weather conditions,etc.In order to compare the using effect of 6 different plant growth promoters（naphthylacetic acid,gibberellin,cytokinin,canola,compound sodium nitrophenolate and diethylaminoethyl hexanoate）,the experiment was designed with different spraying methods（artificial and small unmanned aerial vehicle spraying） in cotton production region of Northern Jiangxi.The results showed that all six plant growth promoters could promote the growth and development of cotton,and could increase the yield of seed cotton by 2.40%-11.53%.The effects on fiber quality are good or bad.Sodium denitrophenol slightly improved fiber quality.Naphthalene acetic acid and gibberellin degraded fiber quality to a certain extent.Cytokinins and phenol sodium nitrate had obvious promoting effect on the growth of cotton in the early and middle stages,fresh amine ester and canola element had effect on cotton growth in the late.Gibberellin and naphthalene acetic acid had significant effect on the final plant height,but its effect on cotton reproductive growth is not obvious.Canola and naphthalene acetic acid can increase the weight of single boll,but the effect of their combination was not better than single use.The effects of all growth promotor on growth period and each growth period were not obvious.Efficiency by using the artificial spraying,in addition to canola,others are negative benefits,but using small unmanned aerial vehicle（uav） spraying,besides the gibberellin treatment,other treatments increasing efficiency rate are 128.13-1 185.50 yuan·hm^-2.Comprehensive evaluation,the effect of canola on increasing yield（increasing yield by 11.53%） and benefit(increasing efficiency by 1 185.00 yuan·hm^-2) was the best,which could be further demonstrated and tested.更多还原