【作者】 王煊； 刘煜； 朱荣娟； 游旭群；

【Author】 Wang Xuan;Liu Yu;Zhu Rongjuan;You Xuqun;Department of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University;Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province;

【机构】 陕西师范大学心理学院； 陕西省行为与认知重点实验室；

【摘要】 文化智力是指个人在跨文化情境中能够有效发挥作用和处理相关事务,进而适应、选择甚至塑造周围文化环境的综合能力。伴随全球化进程加快,全世界人员往来不断密切,人们已经越来越频繁的处于跨文化情境中。有研究表明,文化智力是影响和预测个人在跨文化情境中适应状况的重要因素,而文化智力存在个体差异。那么,什么样的认知过程可以解释文化智力的个体差异呢?任务转换是执行功能的重要成分之一,反映个体的认知灵活性,而文化智力也体现了个体在适应变化时的灵活性。工作记忆也是执行功能的一个重要成分,是一个短暂储存和处理信息的系统,被广泛认为是人类思维过程的基础。因此,本研究旨在讨论任务转换能力和工作记忆能力能否预测个体的文化智力水平,进而探索文化智力背后的认知过程。本研究通过文化智力量表测量被试的文化智力;通过操作广度和对称广度任务经典范式测量被试的工作记忆容量,衡量被试的工作记忆能力;通过数字大小/奇偶转换任务经典范式评估被试的一般任务转换能力;通过一种新的民族文化任务转换范式,评估被试在处理民族文化与非民族文化材料之间灵活转换的能力。预测研究结果为,一般任务转换能力和民族文化任务转换能力是文化智力的独特预测因子。工作记忆能力不能预测文化智力,这表明文化智力与特定的认知过程有关,而不是与整体更好的认知功能有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultural intelligence refers to the comprehensive ability of individuals to effectively deal with related affairs in cross-cultural situations,and then adapt,choose and even shape the surrounding cultural environment.With the acceleration of globalization,people all over the world have been in close contact,and people have been in cross-cultural situations more and more frequently.Studies have shown that cultural intelligence is an important factor that affects and predicts individuals’ adaptation in cross-cultural situations,and there are individual differences in cultural intelligence.Thus,what kind of cognitive process can explain the individual differences of cultural intelligence? Task switching is one of the important components of executive function,which reflects the cognitive flexibility of individuals,and cultural intelligence also reflects the flexibility of individuals in adapting to changes.Working memory is also an important component of executive function.It is a system that temporarily stores and processes information.It is widely considered to be the basis of human thinking process.Therefore,this study aims to discuss whether task switching ability and working memory ability can predict the level of individual cultural intelligence,and then explore the cognitive process behind cultural intelligence.In this study,the cultural intelligence of the subjects was measured by the cultural intelligence scale;The working memory capacity of the subjects was measured by the classical paradigm of operation span and symmetric span task;The subjects’ general task switching ability was evaluated by the classical paradigm of number size/parity switching task;Through a new paradigm of task transformation of national culture,the ability of subjects to deal with the flexible transformation between national culture and non-national cultural materials was evaluated.The results predict that general task switching ability and national cultural task switching ability are unique predictors of cultural intelligence.Working memory capacity was not predictive of cultural intelligence,indicating that cultural intelligence is tied to specific cognitive processes rather than overall better cognitive functioning.更多还原