【作者】 朱丽娜； 殷恒婵； 陈爱国；

【Author】 Zhu Lina;Yin Hengchan;Chen Aiguo;College of Physical Education,Yangzhou University;College of P.E.and Sports,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 扬州大学体育学院； 北京师范大学体育与运动学院；

【摘要】 研究初步发现,有氧耐力最有可能与APOE ε4基因相互作用从而影响老年执行功能和阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)发病风险。然而,相比于老年人,成年早期的APOE ε4基因携带者是否表现出执行功能受损还存在争议,表明生活方式或其他因素可能对AD相关神经病变提供了早期保护作用。然而,APOE ε4基因与有氧耐力是否对成年早期人群执行功能起到交互作用,其潜在的神经机制如何,均不清楚。因此,本研究以190名成年早期的大学生为研究对象,首次综合采用体育测量技术、心理测量技术、分子遗传学技术和影像学技术,探索APOE ε4基因与心肺耐力对大学生执行功能的交互影响及其神经机制。结果发现(1)APOE ε4基因与有氧耐力对大学生抑制、转换反应时的交互效应显著,刷新功能反应时的交互效应不显著。进一步分析发现,在携带、未携带APOE ε4基因大学生中,高有氧耐力组抑制、刷新、转换反应时显著小于低有氧耐力组;在低有氧耐力大学生中,携带APOE ε4组抑制、转换反应时显著大于未携带APOE ε4组;在高有氧耐力大学生中,携带APOE ε4组转换反应时显著小于未携带APOE ε4组。(2)有氧耐力与APOE ε4基因交互作用显著;在低有氧耐力大学生中,携带APOE ε4组的右侧小脑、右侧枕中回、右侧额下回灰质体积显著小于未携带APOE ε4组;在高有氧耐力大学生中,携带APOE ε4组的右侧顶下小叶灰质体积显著小于未携带APOE ε4组;在携带APOE ε4基因大学生中,高有氧耐力组右侧顶下小叶灰质体积显著小于低有氧耐力组,右侧枕中回显著大于低有氧耐力组;在未携带APOE ε4基因大学生中,高有氧耐力组右侧枕中回灰质体积显著大于低有氧耐力组。(3)APOE ε4基因与有氧耐力对皮层厚度交互作用显著;在携带、未携带APOE ε4基因大学生中,高有氧耐力组左侧颞上沟皮层厚度均显著小于低有氧耐力组。以上结果表明,有氧耐力是预防APOE ε4基因的重要候选环境指标,高有氧耐力可以选择性地促进携带APOE ε4基因大学生的执行功能和脑灰质皮层形态,本研究为及早预测执行功能病理发展动向和防范AD疾病提供新的科学证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Existing preliminary finding proposed that cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF) most likely interact with genetic factors to influence cognitive function.Compared with the elderly,studies of the APOE ε4 contributes to increased risk of executive dysfunction in young adult have been controversial.This implies that lifestyle or other factors may provide early protection against Alzheimer’s disease(AD)-related neurodegenerative diseases such as executive function decline.Health promotion and disease prevention are gaining an increased emphasis in health policy and clinical practice.Owing to recent research trends,how the interaction between APOE-ε4 and CRF contributed to increased risk of executive dysfunction in young adults is,however,still not well understood.The aim of this study was to examine the interactions between genetic risk for AD and CRF on grey matter,using structural MRI,in this cohort of healthy young adults(ages of 18to 20).Four groups were compared based on the presence or absence of an APOE-ε4 allele(High Risk;Low Risk) and VO2max value(>70th percentile,High CRF;<30th percentile,Low CRF) for gender.As predicted,significant 2(APOE-ε4 Risk) × 2(CRF level) interactions were observed for EF performances in two sub-functions,inhibition and shifting,no significance in working memory.Inspection of the interaction revealed that within the Low Risk groups,inhibition and shifting RT was shorter in the Low Risk-High CRF compared to the Low Risk-Low CRF group.The same statistical analysis was applied into the grey matter volume(GMV) and cortical thickness for each participant.Compared to the High Risk-Low CRF group,the inferior parietal lobule GMV was greater in High Risk-High CRF group,and right middle occipital gyrus GMV was smaller.Both in APOE ε4carriers and non-carriers,left superior temporal sulcus cortical thickness in the High CRF group was significantly thicker than that in the Low CRF group.The above results indicated that CRF may be identified as an important candidate environmental indicator to prevent APOE ε4 as a major susceptibility factor for executive dysfunction.更多还原