【作者】 胡惠南； 蔺秀云；

【Author】 HU Huinan;LIN Xiuyun;Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学发展心理研究院；

【摘要】 我国农村儿童数量庞大,由于农村地区教育和卫生资源的相对匮乏,农村儿童的心理健康值得关注。品行问题是儿童青少年期主要的心理问题之一,大量研究证实儿童青少年的品行问题给社会稳定和个人发展带来严峻的挑战,但少有研究系统探讨我国农村地区儿童品行问题的纵向发展状况。性别和环境因素是儿童青少年品行问题行为的重要影响因素,家庭和学校是儿童的主要生活和学习场所,但研究主要基于变量为中心的方法探索性别、家庭和学校环境变量的影响效应,少有研究关注个体品行问题的具体类型及类型转变的影响因素。本研究旨在探索农村儿童品行问题行为的潜在类别及其转变情况,并分析性别、家庭不利处境和班级氛围在品行问题发展过程中的作用。甘肃、山东、贵州等地4所农村中小学的876名儿童参与了间隔18个月的追踪调查,完成了《品行问题行为倾向问卷》、《家庭处境不利问卷》和《学生感知班级氛围问卷》。采用潜在类别分析和潜在转变对农村儿童品行问题进行分类并探讨不同类型的转变情况,采用逻辑回归考察性别、家庭不利处境和班级氛围的影响作用。结果发现:(1)从品行问题的异质性来看,农村儿童品行问题行为存在严重品行问题行为组、严重违规行为组和低品行问题行为组三种类别;(2)从品行问题类别的转变来看,低品行问题行为组具有较强的稳定性,严重违规行为组转变为低品行问题行为组的概率较高,严重品行问题行为组转变为低品行问题行为组和严重违规行为组的概率较高;(3)从影响因素方面来看,男生比女生更可能发展为较高品行问题行为者,较高水平家庭不利处境和消极的班级氛围会促进儿童品行问题行为的消极转变。本研究揭示了农村儿童品行问题行为的类别及其转变,并且对从家庭环境和学校环境预防和改善农村儿童品行问题行为提供了一定启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared to urban peers,rural children have lower availability of education resources and services for healthcare,thus,it’s necessary to focus on rural children’s mental health.Conduct problems is one kind of important mental problems in childhood and has been proved to pose challenges to social stability and individuals’ development,but limited research systematically explored the longitudinal development of rural children’s conduct problems in China.What’s more,gender and environmental factors are important influencing factors of children’s conduct problems.Family and school are children’s main living environment.However,most studies mainly applied the variable-centered approach to explore the effects of gender,family and school environment variables on individuals’ conduct problems,and few studies focused on latent classes of conduct problems and influencing factors of transition patterns of conduct problems.This study aimed to identify classes and transition patterns of rural children’s conduct problems,and explore roles of gender,family adversity and class climate in the development of conduct problem across time.876 children from four rural schools in Gansu,Shandong and Guizhou participated in the 18-month follow-up study,and completed the Conduct Problem Tendency Inventory,the Family Adversity Inventory for Children,and the Perceived Class Climate Questionnaire.Latent class analysis and latent transition analysis were applied to investigate distinct classes and transition patterns of rural children’s conduct problems,and logistic regression was applied to examine the effects of gender,family adversity and class climate.The results showed:(1) there were three types of conduct problems among rural children,namely,severe conduct problems group,severe violation problems group,and low conduct problems group.the conduct problem behavior of rural children was divided into three types,namely,the serious conduct problem behavior group,the serious violation behavior group and the low conduct problem behavior group;(2) the low conduct problems group had strong stability,while the probability of the severe violation problems group transitioned into the low conduct problems group and the severe violation problems group transitioned into the low conduct problems group and the severe violation problems group is high;(3) boys are more likely than girls to develop into higher-risk conduct problems groups,and increased family adversity and negative class climate predicted risk transitions of rural children’s conduct problems.This study revealed the classification and transition of conduct problems among rural children and had implications for the prevention and intervention of rural children’s conduct problems by improving family environment and school environment.更多还原