【作者】 白亚停； 何文广；

【Author】 BAI Yating;HE Wenguang;Institute of Psychology,Qufu Normal University;

【机构】 曲阜师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 研究表明具身效应广泛存在于多种语言认知活动中。当前有关二语认知中具身效应的研究主要集中于探讨感知运动系统及具身经验是否参与二语认知活动,而对二语具身认知效应的影响因素、效应表现及其作用机制的关注不多。本研究共选择304名汉(L1)、英(L2)双语大学生为被试(其英语为低水平),采用启动任务范式结合事件相关电位技术(event-related potentials,ERPs)设计三个实验探究二语具身表征机制。研究比较了不同的启动词呈现时间下隐喻一致与隐喻冲突条件下的具身效应。根据预实验结果,启动词最短呈现时间设置为60ms。实验一考查隐含垂直空间方位的具体词认知的具身效应及其时间节点,结果发现60ms、80ms、120ms、300ms四种启动时间下均存在隐喻一致性效应,冲突条件下的反应时均显著长于一致条件。表明即使对于低水平L2者,加工二语具体词汇也会表现出具身效应,且效应的发生是自动化的,在早期词汇识别阶段就已经存在并一直延续至词汇语义通达阶段,支持二语具身效应自动激活的观点。实验二考查隐含空间方位的抽象词表征的具身效应及其时间节点,结果发现60ms、80ms、120ms、300ms、500ms五种启动时间下均不存在隐喻一致性效应,冲突和一致条件下的反应时无显著差异。低水平L2者加工二语抽象概念的早期不存在具身效应,即使在词汇语义通达及之后的认知阶段,具身效应仍然不存在。实验三使用ERPs技术进一步验证实验二的结果,设计80ms、120ms和300ms三种启动时间,行为结果发现三种启动时间下均不存在隐喻一致性效应,脑电结果发现三种启动时间下一致与冲突条件的P1、P300和N400成分的平均波幅值差异均不显著,但300ms启动时间下隐喻冲突条件下诱发的N1成分的平均波幅值显著更负于隐喻一致条件。表明冲突条件引起被试更强的空间位置注意。抽象概念加工主要激活了大脑前额叶皮层、额中皮层和颞叶皮层,左半球激活程度大于右半球,启动词呈现约300ms后在顶枕区大脑皮层诱发了正成分。这意味着低水平L2者在抽象概念表征的晚期可能存在微弱的具身效应,但非模态的符号加工可能在低水平L2者加工抽象概念加工中发挥主导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies showed that the embodied effect was widely found in multiple languages.Current studies on embodied cognition in the second language(L2) mainly focus on whether the sensorimotor system and embodied experience were activated in L2 cognitive activities.While there was little attention paid to the influencing factors,manifestation,and especially the mechanism of embodied cognition effect of L2.In this study,304 Chinese(L1) and English(L2) bilingual college students were selected as subjects(their English level is low).Three experimental systems were designed to explore the time course of embodied representations of L2 by using the classical vocabulary judgment task combined with event-related potentials(ERPs) technology.The embodied effects of metaphor congruence and metaphor conflict under different priming times were compared.According to the results of the pre-experiment,the shortest priming time of the priming word was set to 60ms.In experiment 1,we investigated the embodied effect of specific concepts with implicit spatial orientation and its occurrence time node.The results showed that the metaphor consistent effect existed in the four priming times of 60ms,80ms,120ms and300ms,and the reaction time in the conflict condition was significantly longer than that in the congruent condition.The results indicate that even for L2 learners with low English level,the embodied effect also exist in L2 specific concepts processing,and the embodied effect is automatic.Experiment 2 examined the embodied effect and its time course of abstract concepts representation with implicit spatial orientation.The results showed that there was no metaphor consistent effect in the five priming times of 60ms,80ms,120ms,300ms and 500ms.In Experiment 3,ERPs technology was used to further verify the results of Experiment 2.Three priming times of 80ms,120ms and 300ms were set,and the behavioral results showed that there was no metaphor consistent effect under the three priming times.EEG results showed that there was no significant difference in the average amplitude of P1,P300 and N400 components between the consistent and conflict conditions under each priming times,but the average amplitude of N1 component evoked by the metaphor conflict condition under the 300ms priming time was significantly negative than that of the metaphor consistent condition.The results indicated that participants pay more attention to the spatial location in the conflict condition.The prefrontal cortex,middle frontal cortex and temporal cortex were mainly activated during abstract concept processing,and the left hemisphere was more active than the right hemisphere.A positive component was evoked in the parietal and occipital cortex about 300ms after the priming words were presented.This means that participants with low L2 level may have a weak embodied effect in the late stage of abstract concept representation,but non-modal symbol processing may play a dominant role in abstract concept processing.更多还原