【作者】 杨华娟； 马西祥； 董睿； 熊建； 张鹏； 吴昕； 朱虹； 易莉萍； 周顺长；

【Author】 YANG Huajuan;MA Xixiang;DONG Rui;XIONG Jian;ZHANG Peng;WU Xin;ZHU Hong;YI Liping;ZHOU Shunchang;Laboratory Animal Center,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;

【机构】 华中科技大学实验动物中心；

【摘要】 目的 SPF级实验用大小鼠产品因生产标准化和检测标准化在微生物和遗传学质量方面均得到了较好的质量控制,而标准化的大小鼠进入实验饲养阶段后因受到间断的实验因素和连续的饲养参数的影响的复杂性使得实验饲养过程合理与否尤显重要。本文以实验动物大小鼠饲养管理为研究对象,分析大小鼠饲养管理的难点和痛点,通过大小鼠引入、实验中、结束的全实验过程的精细化饲养管理,建立动物实验过程中的大小鼠饲养管理质量控制的核心技术指标,以进一步降低大小鼠实验过程的人为误差,减少大小鼠异常死亡,富集实验要素减少非实验干预因素,以有效使用少的样本获得更有价值的实验数据,提高大小鼠实验成功率。方法分析总结发现影响实验大小鼠饲养质量有关的共性问题;分析基因工程实验与繁殖、病理学实验模型、糖尿病模型、手术模型、老龄大小鼠实验、感染性大小鼠实验等饲养管理发现的具有特异性的难点和痛点。结果我们发现影响大小鼠饲养管理的共性问题主要表现为:设备突发性故障造成饲养环境温度超标4度以上、湿度低于20%或高于85%,初中效过滤效率降低换气次数较低导致大小鼠不适,繁殖鼠未及时离乳导致饲养密度过高而饮水补给不足,相对湿度过高引起饲料霉变,高脂饲料添加过多引起质变,垫料更换频率不固定引起大小鼠不适,工作照度不及时关闭使大小鼠长期处于应激状态引起精神沉郁,饲养过程中工作内容之外的谈话噪声影响,饲养员对实验模型症状发生发展与样本死亡预判能力不足且沟通渠道不畅。实验大小鼠饲养过程中出现的主要临床异常表现为:被毛粗乱、食欲减退、脱毛、皮肤溃烂、门齿咬合不正、环尾、腹泻、行动异常、应激反应等。基因工程实验与繁殖大小鼠饲养应关注选择饲料品种、按需添加营养、掌握特定基因缺陷导致的年龄与自发性模型症状和繁殖效率的关系、及时通报标记缺失鼠、归笼逃逸鼠等特点;糖尿病模型大小鼠的饲养应关注选择合适的垫料、增加垫料更换频率、及时补给饮水和饲料、按需调整饲养密度、分析反馈模型并发症等特点;手术模型大小鼠饲养应关注术后1-7天的如骨、胸、心、颅、皮层等手术部的缝合抗菌质量、大小鼠被毛活动步态食欲饮水精神等重要指标;涉及老龄大小鼠的实验饲养应关注体重被毛活性精神状态食欲等临床指标,还应解决特殊的软饲料不能磨牙导致的门齿异常不能进食的问题;感染性大小鼠实验饲养应关注感染病原微生物诱导的小鼠模型主要临床表现与实验周期的关系。结论实验动物设施可以通过动物实验的特点对一线饲养人员加强能力培训,实施有针对性大小鼠饲养,这对于提高饲养质量、保障实验动物福利、提高实验效率和样本质量具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives SPF laboratory mice and rats were well controled in microbiology and genetics quality in terms of the production and detection standardization.However,when entered the feeding stage,intermittent experimental stimuli and continuous rearing conditions make it particularly complex and important.In this article,the difficulties and key points of the feeding and management of experimental animals were analyzed.Through the use of fine feeding management at different experimental time points,the core technical indicators for the quality control of rat feeding management in the process of animal experiments were established to further reduce the human error in the experimental process and the abnormal death of rats and mice.By enriching experimental elements,reducing non-experimental intervention factors and reducing the animal sample size required for the experiment,the success rate of the experiment in rats and mice was improved.Methods analyze the specific difficulties and pain points of various kinds of animal experiment including genetic engineering experiment and reproduction,pathology experiment model,diabetes model,surgical model,aged mice experiment,and infectious large mice experiment.Results We found that the common problems affecting the feeding management of Laboratory mice and rats are mainly as follows:the sudden failure of the equipment caused the feeding environment temperature more than 4 degrees above,the humidity lower than 20% or higher than 85%,The secondary efficiency filtration efficiency reduces the low number of ventilation times,leading to discomfort in mice and rats.Due to the breeding mice did not remove their milk in time,high feeding density and insufficient water supply.High relative humidity causes feed mildew;Excessive addition of high-fat feed causes qualitative change,Unfixed frequency of bedding replacement caused discomfort in mice and rats;Working illumination is not turned off in time to make the mice and rats in a long-term stress state and cause mental depression;The influence of conversation noise outside of the work content during the feeding process;The keepers had insufficient ability to predict the death of symptoms in the experimental model and the communication channels.The main clinical abnormalities in the feeding process of Laboratory mice and rats are:coarse hair,loss of appetite,epilation,skin ulceration,incisor occlusion,ring tail,diarrhea,abnormal action,stress reaction,etc.Genetic engineering experiments and breeding of large mice should pay attention to the selection of feed varieties,adding nutrition as needed,grasp the relationship between age caused by specific gene defects and spontaneous model symptoms and reproductive efficiency,timely notification of marker deletion mice,and cage escape mice;The feeding of large mice in the diabetes model should pay attention to the selection of appropriate bedding,increasing the frequency of bedding replacement,timely replenishing drinking water and feed,adjusting the feeding density as needed,and analyzing the complications of the feedback model;Surgical model large mice should pay attention to 1-7 days postoperative such as bone,chest,heart,skull,cortex of the antibacterial quality of the skin,large mice hair active gait,appetite,water spirit and other important indicators;Experimental feeding involving older mice should focus on clinical indicators such as weight,active mental state appetite,Should also solve the special soft feed can not grind teeth caused by abnormal incisor can not eat problems;Experimental feeding of infectious large mice should focus on the relationship between the main clinical manifestations and the experimental cycle in the mouse model induced by infected pathogenic microorganisms.Conclusion Experimental animal facilities can strengthen the ability training of front-line feeding personnel through the characteristics of animal experiments,and implement targeted laboratory mice and rats feeding,which is of great significance for improving the feeding quality,ensuring the welfare of experimental animals,and improving the experimental efficiency and sample quality.更多还原