【作者】 王岩； 王渊； 朱程香； 朱春玲；

【Author】 Wang Yan;Wang Yuan;Zhu Chengxiang;Zhu Chunling;Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , College of Aerospace Engineering;State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures;

【机构】 南京航空航天大学飞行器先进设计技术国防重点学科实验室； 南京航空航天大学机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 快速精准探测飞机表面结冰特性能够有效保障飞行安全、提高防除冰效率。本文基于超声脉冲回波法,采用超声换能器、蒙皮和冰层组成多层结构,实现飞机蒙皮表面结冰厚度非接触式定量测量。基于声学匹配理论,针对铝制蒙皮材料和冰层进行超声换能器适用性设计;考虑匹配和背衬层结构对压电材料中心频率影响,修正超声换能器最终中心频率。采用理论和数值仿真计算相结合的方法,设计超声换能器内部压电层、匹配层和背衬层,并通过改变材料属性、优化换能器晶元尺寸实现蒙皮表面冰层厚度的高精度测量。仿真结果表明,本文设计的超声换能器可探测厚度大于0.2mm冰层、且最大冰层厚度可达5mm,满足蒙皮表面冰层高精度探测要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under icing weather conditions, ice accumulation is easy to occur on the surface of aircraft skin.Rapid and accurate detection of icing conditions on the surface of aircraft can effectively guarantee flight safety and improve the efficiency of anti-icing. In this paper, a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is used to measure the thickness of icing on the surface of aircraft skin. A multi-layer structure is composed of the ultrasonic transducer, aluminium skin and ice. The thickness of medium is measured by the method of ultrasonic pulse echo. At present, the applicability of ultrasonic transducer is limited to a specific range of acoustic impedance materials. Based on the acoustic matching theory, the design and research of ultrasonic transducer are carried out for aluminum skin materials and ice. Considering the influence of the structure of matching and backing layer on the center frequency of piezoelectric material, the center frequency of ultrasonic transducer is modified. This paper adopts the research method combining theory and numerical simulation calculation, and to achieve the purpose of high-precision measurement of the ice on the surface of the skin, the acoustic impedance of matching layer and backing layer in ultrasonic transducer are changed to match the acoustic impedance of aluminum skin. The simulation results show that the designed ultrasonic transducer based on the theory can detect the thickness of ice above 0.2mm, and the detection depth of ice is at least 5mm. Therefore, it meets the requirements for high-precision detection of the ice on the surface of the skin.更多还原