【作者】 鲁丽鑫； 陆甲； 姚方杰； 方明；

【Author】 Lu Lixin;Lu Jia;Yao Fangjie;Fang Ming;College of Horticulture Jilin Agricultural University Jilin;Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Jilin;

【机构】 吉林农业大学园艺学院； 食药用菌教育部工程研究中心；

【摘要】 黑木耳是中国广泛栽培的一种胶质真菌,到2020年总产量达706.43万吨(鲜品),是中国的第二大食用菌。团队对上百株黑木耳菌株进行多年多点、不同茬次不同出耳方式栽培试验,采用数量分类学方法将黑木耳子实体类型分为簇生型和菊花型。簇生型子实体无明显肉质耳基,菊花型子实体有明显肉质耳基。黑木耳子实体类型性状是的重要农艺性状及育种指标,随着黑木耳栽培方式的改变,簇生型黑木耳品种,在栽培中单片耳率高,满足生产和消费市场。本研究通过对黑木耳子实体类型性状位点的定位,连锁群的锚定及加密,子实体类型标记SCL-18比对到基因组等研究内容,发现控制子实体类型性状的位点位于基因组Scaffold39上220267bp-239189bp之间,经基因注释发现共有3个编码蛋白基因,为别为g7217、g7218、g7219。进一步对簇生型菌株"旗黑1号"和菊花型菌株"旗黑2号"进行转录组分析及qPCR验证发现g7219在两菌株之间存在显著差异,其他基因无显著差异。经功能比对发现g7219是通过调控细胞分裂素的分泌影响黑木耳子实体类型的发育。继续对两个菌株的g7219基因编码区的核苷酸及蛋白特性进行比较,编码区的核苷酸没有无义突变,蛋白质特性无较大区别;而两个菌株的g7219基因启动子区域核苷酸进行基因组比对及PCR验证,发现簇生型品种启动子核心元件的TATA-box序列为CATAA,菊花型品种的TATA-box序列为TATAA。综上所述,基因g7219是黑木耳的子实体类型的控制基因,该启动子核心顺式元件TATA-box突变,造成控制基因g7219的转录水平不同,进而影响该基因在不同子实体类型中的差异表达。更多还原

【Abstract】 Auricularia heimuer is a gelatinous fungus widely cultivated in China,with a total output of 7,064,300 tons(fresh) by 2020,making it the second largest edible mushroom in China.Our research team conducted several years of cultivation experiments on hundreds of strains with different methods of A.heimuer,and used quantitative taxonomy to divide the fruiting body types into cluster type(CL) and the chrysanthemum type(CH).The CL strains produce a fruiting body with a veined segmented appearance on the upper surface,while the CH strains produce a fruiting body with undifferentiated organization at the base.The fruit-body type trait is an important agronomic trait and breeding index.With the change of the cultivation method,the CL strains are easily induced to produce fruiting bodies by punching a small hole in the surface of existing fruiting bodies.This method allows producers to meet the consumer market and requires minimal labor input.In this study,we found that the locus controlling fruiting type trait was located in the range of220267 bp-239189 bp on genome Scaffold39 through the positioning of fruiting body type trait locus,anchoring and encryption of linkage groups,and comparison of fruiting body type marker SCL-18 to genome,etc.Through gene annotation,it was found that there were three protein coding genes,namely g7217,g7218 and g7219.Further transcriptomic analysis and qPCR verification of tufted strain "Qihei 1" and compositae strain "Qihei 2" found that g7219 had significant differences between the two strains,and other genes had no significant differences.By functional comparison,it was found that g7219 affected the development of fruiting body types by regulating the secretion of cytokinin.The nucleotide and protein characteristics of the coding region of g7219 gene of the two strains were compared.There was no nonsense mutation of the nucleotide in the coding region and no significant difference in the protein characteristics.Genomic comparison and PCR verification of the nucleotides in the promoter region of g7219 gene of the two strains revealed that the TATA-box sequence of the promoter core of the tufted variety was CATAA,and the TATA-box sequence of the composite variety was TATAA.In summary,gene g7219 is the controlling gene for the fruiting body type.The difference of the cis-element TATA-box of the promoter core leads to different transcription levels of the controlling gene g7219,which ultimately affects the fruiting body type of A.heimuer.更多还原