【作者】 王凤巧； 张钰晗； 陈光辉；

【Author】 WANG Fengqiao;ZHANG Yuhan;CHEN Guanghui;School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University;

【机构】 山东师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 受欺凌是指个体遭受力量较强同伴故意伤害且无法有效保护自己的经历,也即校园欺凌事件中受害者的经历。近年来,严重校园欺凌事件频发并引发了政府、学界和社会公众的广泛关注,如何有效保护受欺凌者成为当下亟需尽快解决的热点问题。情绪问题是儿童遭受欺凌后出现的不良影响之一,并在儿童学业失败、同伴关系恶化以及自伤自杀等不良后果中发挥重要中介作用。及时阻断受欺凌对情绪问题(如抑郁、焦虑)的不良影响,是有效帮助受欺凌者的一种可能策略。个体的积极心理品质是外界危险因素(如受欺凌)的有效缓冲因素,如希望(个体想要达成目标的积极期望)、宽恕(受害者消除了对攻击者持有的负面认知、情绪和行为反应)。鉴于此,本研究尝试探究儿童的希望、宽恕特征在阻断受欺凌与情绪问题关系中的作用效果。本研究以山东省某小学708名小学生(平均年龄=9.67岁,50%的被试为男性)为被试进行问卷调查。结果发现:1.儿童受欺凌与情绪问题存在显著正相关,儿童受欺凌程度越高,出现焦虑、抑郁的风险均越大;2.希望和宽恕均在儿童受欺凌与各个情绪问题的关系中发挥调节作用,随着儿童希望或宽恕水平的升高,受欺凌对焦虑、抑郁的预测作用均会显著降低;3.儿童的希望与宽恕对情绪问题的保护作用符合"独立模式",即二者单独发挥对焦虑、抑郁的调节作用。本研究证实了希望和宽恕这两个积极心理品质能够有效调节受欺凌对情绪问题的不利影响,并对小学生校园欺凌防治与心理健康教育实践具有重要启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bullying victimization refers to the experience of an individual being deliberately hurt by a powerful peer and unable to effectively protect himself or herself, which is also the experience of the victim in school bullying. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of serious school bullying incidents have aroused widespread concern from the government, academia and the public. How to effectively protect the victim has become a hot issue that needs to be solved as soon as possible. Emotional problems are one of the negative effects of bullying victimization, and play an important mediating role in children’s academic failure, peer relationship deterioration and self-injury suicide.Blocking the negative effects of bullying on emotional problems(such as depression and anxiety) in time is a possible strategy to effectively help the bullied. An individual’s positive psychological qualities are effective buffering factors for external risk factors(e.g., bullying victimization). Such as hope(the positive expectation that the individual wants to achieve a goal) and forgiveness(the victim removes negative cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses to the attacker). In view of this, this study attempted to explore the effect of children’s hope and forgiveness characteristics on blocking the relationship between bullying victimization and emotional problems. In this study, 708 primary school students(average age =9.67 years old, 50% of the subjects were male) were investigated by questionnaire from a primary school in Shandong Province. The results showed that: 1. There was a significant positive correlation between bullying victimization and emotional problems. The higher the level of bullying victimization, anxiety and depression also have greater risk; 2. Both hope and forgiveness played a moderating role in the relationship between bullying victimization and emotional problems in children. With the increase of hope or forgiveness level, the predictive effects of bullying victimization on anxiety and depression were significantly reduced. 3. The protective effect of hope and forgiveness on emotional problems in children conforms to the "independent mode", that is, both of them play a separate regulatory role on anxiety and depression. This study confirms that hope and forgiveness, two positive psychological qualities, can effectively regulate the negative impact of bullying victimization on emotional problems, and has important implications for the prevention and treatment of bullying and mental health education of primary school students.更多还原