【作者】 许家琳； 李杰；

【Author】 Jialin Xu;Jie Li;College of psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University;

【机构】 内蒙古师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 近几十年来,有关双语经验的认知效应受到研究者们的广泛重视,有研究者提出,执行注意是双语认知效应的解释框架,其中,执行注意是指记忆表征在外界干扰下保持高度活跃状态的一种能力,这些表征可能反映了环境中的行动计划、目标状态或任务相关刺激。这种执行注意的能力是潜在的,可以由两个成分——目标维持和干扰维持作为测量指标。那么执行注意是否可以作为双语认知效应的内在机制?本研究试通过将英语过专业八级作为高熟练英汉被试,英语没过四级的作为低熟练英汉被试,探讨高低熟练英汉双语者在目标维持和干扰维持上的差异及电生理机制。预期结果,研究一:在高任务难度程度下,高熟练双语组延迟匹配任务上的表现优于低熟练组(实验1a);高熟练双语组和低熟练双语组在不同的延迟时间中信息维持程度不同(实验1b),具体表现为高熟练双语者的表现优于低熟练双语者。高熟练组在低任务难度中的N2幅度与低熟练组无差异,随着任务难度增加,高熟练组的N2成分更大,并具有更大的P2振幅,高熟练组的P3随着任务难度增加而增加,而在更高的任务难度上降低。研究二:在有干扰任务情况下,高熟练双语者对目标信息的保持和对干扰任务的处理更好。在有干扰任务下,高熟练双语者的P300振幅低于低熟练双语者,高熟练组的N2成分更大。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent decades, researchers have paid extensive attention to the cognitive effects of bilingual experience.Some researchers have proposed that executive attention is the explanatory framework of bilingual cognitive effects.Executive attention refers to the ability of memory representation to maintain a highly active state under external interference. These representations may reflect action plans, target states or task related stimuli in the environment.This ability to perform attention is potential and can be measured by two components-goal maintenance and interference maintenance. So can executive attention be the internal mechanism of bilingual cognitive effect? This study attempts to explore the differences and electrophysiological mechanisms of goal maintenance and interference maintenance between high and low skilled English-Chinese bilinguals. Expected results: Study 1: under the high task difficulty, the performance of the highly skilled bilingual group on the delayed matching task is better than that of the low skilled group(Experiment 1 a); High skilled bilingual group and low skilled bilingual group had different degrees of information maintenance in different delay time(Experiment 1 b); specifically, the performance of highly skilled bilinguals is better than that of low skilled bilinguals.The N2 amplitude of the highly skilled group in the low task difficulty is no different from that of the low skilled group. With the increase of task difficulty, the N2 component of the highly skilled group is larger and has a larger P2 amplitude. The P3 of the highly skilled group increases with the increase of task difficulty and decreases in the higher task difficulty. Study 2: in the case of interference tasks, highly skilled bilinguals had better retention of target information and processing of interference tasks. Under the interference task, the P300 amplitude of high skilled bilinguals was lower than that of low skilled bilinguals, and the N2 component of high skilled group was greater.更多还原