【作者】 周启钧； 陈浩； 庄锦英；

【Author】 ZHOU Qijun;CHEN Hao;ZHUANG Jinying;School of Psychology and Cognition, East China Normal University;

【机构】 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院；

【摘要】 清洁与道德之间存在着紧密的隐喻联系,研究者们认为,身体清洁会使个体将自身视为更加纯洁的存在,由此影响个体的道德行为及判断,但研究结论并不统一。本研究假设,身体清洁的具身体验激活了清洁与道德间的隐喻联结,进而易化了个体对道德事件的加工,并且这种易化的方向是促进道德行为与意图的更真实表达。具体而言,实验1a首先将道德表现区分为意图与行为两个维度,通过问卷测量被试的作弊行为及未来道德意图。结果发现:相较于控制组,身体清洁(洗澡)显著影响了被试的道德行为及意图之间的关系,即那些拥有更多作弊行为的被试报告了更高的不道德意图,表现出道德一致性效应。实验1b采用相同的测量方式,调换了行为与意图的测量顺序,先测量意图后测量行为,结果与实验1a相一致,即相较于控制组,身体清洁显著影响了被试的道德行为与意图之间的关系,但是,方向相反:即那些报告了更低的不道德意图的被试进行了更多的作弊行为,表现出道德许可效应。这些效应在控制组均不存在。上述结果提示,身体清洁易化了个体对自身道德行为与意图之间联系的加工。实验2人为操纵被试的道德表现,强制要求被试将自己描述为一个道德或不道德的人,探究清洁操纵是否会影响不同道德自我启动对不道德意图的作用,结果发现:控制组中,不道德启动相较于道德启动表达了更不道德的意图,而身体清洁组中则不存在这种差异,表明,身体清洁组被试的道德意图更不容易受到实验者外部强加的道德启动的影响。基于以上结果,我们认为,身体清洁可以易化个体对道德事件信息的加工,使个体能够更好地利用自身真实经验做出判断,并排除外在因素的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a strong metaphorical link between cleanliness and morality. Researchers have suggested that physical cleansing causes individuals to perceive themselves as purer beings, which in turn influences their moral behavior and judgments, but their findings are inconsistent. In this study, we hypothesized that the embodied experience of physical cleanliness activates the metaphorical connection between cleanliness and morality, thus facilitating individuals’ processing of moral events in the direction of promoting more authentic expressions of moral actions and intentions. To be specific, in experiment 1 A, moral performance was divided into two dimensions:intention and action, and participants’ cheating behavior and future moral intention were measured through a questionnaire. Results: Compared to the control group, physical cleansing(bathing) significantly affected the relationship between moral behavior and intention, i.e., participants who cheated more reported higher unethical intentions, showing the moral consistency effect. In experiment 1 B, the same measurement method was used and we change the measurement order of behavior and intention. The intention was measured first and then the behavior was measured. The results were consistent with experiment 1 A, that is, compared with the control group, physical cleanliness significantly affected the relationship between the moral behavior and intention of the subjects, but in the opposite direction: Those who reported lower unethical intentions engaged in more cheating, showing the moral licensing effect. None of these effects existed in the control group. These results suggest that physical cleanliness facilitates individuals’ processing of the relationship between moral behavior and intention. In experiment 2,participants were forced to describe themselves as moral or immoral to manipulate their moral performance. In the control group, the unethical priming expressed more unethical intentions than the moral priming, but this difference was not found in the clean group, suggesting that the moral intentions of the clean group were less susceptible to the externally imposed moral priming of the experimenter. Based on the above results, we believe that physical cleanliness can facilitate individuals’ processing of moral event information, enabling individuals to make better use of their own real experience to make judgments and eliminating the influence of external factors.更多还原