【作者】 张慧； 王芬；

【Author】 Hui Zhang;Fen Wang;Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University;Hangzhou Dongcheng Kindergarten;

【机构】 浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院(特殊教育学院)； 杭州市上城区东城幼儿园；

【摘要】 快速觉察威胁刺激对幼儿的生命安全起着重要的作用,已有研究认为,幼儿对预期的威胁刺激可能存在优先加工的注意偏向,但当威胁刺激在意外条件下呈现,幼儿对这类刺激的注意加工存在怎样的特点,刺激的知觉显著性如何影响加工过程?本研究采用经典的无意视盲范式,通过2(刺激类型:威胁刺激、非威胁刺激)×2(知觉显著性:高、低)被试间完全随机设计,结合眼动技术,考察了88名幼儿(75.16±3.12个月,男生38名)在不同知觉显著性条件下对威胁刺激蛇与非威胁刺激蜥蜴的注意加工特点。结果表明:(1)幼儿在两种知觉显著性条件下对意外的威胁刺激蛇与非威胁刺激蜥蜴的觉察率均不存在显著的差异;(2)对于意外威胁刺激蛇,知觉显著性对刺激的觉察率有重要影响,显著性越高,觉察率越高;知觉显著性对注视点个数与时长存在显著影响,高显著性蛇的注视点个数与注视时长显著多于低显著性蛇;(3)对于意外非威胁性刺激蜥蜴,知觉显著性对觉察率不存在显著影响;知觉显著性对注视点个数和注视时长不存在显著影响。当前结果表明,虽然幼儿对意外威胁刺激蛇不存在直接的注意偏向,但知觉显著性与意外刺激的关系结果显示,幼儿加工意外威胁刺激蛇与意外非威胁刺激蜥蜴的注意过程存在一定的差异,刺激的颜色这种知觉显著性特征对加工意外威胁刺激蛇存在显著的影响,但对意外非威胁刺激蜥蜴不存在显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rapid detection of threat-relevant stimuli plays an important role in children’s safety. Previous studies suggest that children may have an attentional bias to the expected threat-relevant stimuli, but when the threat-relevant stimuli are presented under unexpected conditions, do children also have stable attentional bias to these stimuli?Perceptual salience, as a factor that has an important influence on attention under unexpected conditions, how dose it affect children’s perception of unexpected threat stimuli? We employed 88 young children(75.16 ± 3.12 months, 38 boys), who were randomly designed with 2(type of stimulus: threatening stimulus, non-threatening stimulus) × 2(perceptual salience: high perceptual significance and low perceptual significance) to explore the attention perception of threatening stimulus and non-threatening stimulus, snake and lizard in current study, under different perceptual significance. The results show that: 1) There was no significant difference on the perception rate of threatening and non-threatening stimulus in two perceptual significance conditions. 2) For the threatening stimulus snake,perceptual salience had an important impact on the perception rate of threat stimuli, the higher the significance, the higher the perception rate. Also, perceptual salience had an important influence on the number of gaze points and gaze duration for the threatening stimulus snake, the number of gaze points and gaze duration for the snake of high significance are significantly higher than those snake of low significance. 3) For the non-threatening stimulus lizard,perceptual salience had no significant influence on the perception rate, and also had no significant influence on the number of gaze points and gaze duration. As the current results show, although children don’t have direct attentional bias towards unexpected threatening stimulus snake, the relationship between perceptual salience and unexpected stimuli shows that there is a certain difference in the attention process of threatening stimulus snake and non-threatening stimulus lizard under unexpected conditions. The color of the stimulus is a perceptually significant feature that has a significant effect on the processing of unexpected threatening stimulus snake, but has no significant effect on the unexpected non-threatening stimulus lizard.更多还原