【作者】 张磊； 刘爱书；

【Author】 Zhang Lei;Liu Aishu;Harbin Normal University;

【机构】 哈尔滨师范大学；

【摘要】 儿童期遭受心理虐待,会对个体产生持续的消极影响,增加其罹患精神疾病的风险。追踪研究发现心理虐待经历与抑郁呈显著正相关,探究心理虐待经历对抑郁的影响机制有利于提供干预的方法。情绪诱发视盲(Emotion-induced blindness, EIB)是指在识别一个威胁或恐惧刺激干扰图像后,随后目标刺激识别受损的现象。唤醒偏向竞争理论(arousal-biased competition theory, ABC)认为刺激知觉突出性是产生情绪诱发视盲的主要因素。金钱奖赏能激发动机从而提升行为成绩。金钱奖赏可以削弱情绪诱发视盲。研究发现,心理受虐者存在明显的负性注意偏向,并且儿童期虐待经历改变了个体奖赏加工方式。根据前人研究与问卷测量提出以下假设:(1)心理虐待组在负性刺激下情绪诱发视盲效应更强,持续时间更长。(2)金钱奖赏削弱了非心理虐待组的情绪诱发视盲,心理虐待组不受影响。本研究使用实验对照设计,通过心理虐待量表筛选被试,筛选心理虐待个体30人和与之匹配的非心理虐待个体30人参与实验;采用RSVP范式测量情绪诱发视盲。实验1:2(组别)×2(干扰物效价)×4(Lag)混合实验设计,测量心理虐待个体在基线条件下的情绪诱发视盲。实验2:2(组别)×2(干扰物效价)×2(金钱奖赏类型)混合实验设计,探究金钱奖赏对心理虐待个体情绪诱发视盲的削弱作用。研究结果:(1)在负性刺激干扰条件下,两组对目标识别的正确率有显著差异。(2)随着Lag位置增加目标识别的正确率逐渐恢复到基线水平。(3)操纵金钱奖赏水平不能削弱心理虐待组情绪诱发视盲。研究结论:(1)心理虐待组存在注意脱离困难,表现为情绪诱发视盲效应更强,持续时间更长。(2)心理虐待组改变奖赏加工,金钱奖赏不能削弱情绪诱发视盲。这些结果提示心理受虐者对负性刺激存在注意脱离困难并且对积极刺激反应不敏感,这是儿童期心理虐待影响抑郁情绪的影响机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Psychological abuse during childhood has a persistent negative effect on individuals and increases their risk of developing psychiatric disorders. The tracing study found a significant positive correlation between the experience of psychological abuse and depression, and it is beneficial to explore the mechanism of the psychological abuse experience on depression to provide an intervention method. Emotion Induced Blindness(EIB) refers to the impairment in the identification of a neutral target image that follows a threatening or fearful distractor image.Arousal biased competition theory(ABC) suggests that stimulus salience is a major factor in producing emotion induced blindness. Monetary reward would motivate people and enhance the behavior. Studies have shown monetary rewards can attenuate emotion induced blindness. Found significant negative attentional biases in psychological abuse, and childhood maltreatment experiences altered individual reward processing. The following hypotheses were proposed based on previous studies and questionnaire measurements:(1)The psychological abuse group showed stronger and longer lasting emotionally induced blind effects under negative stimuli.(2)Monetary rewards attenuate emotion induced blindness in the non psychological abuse group, while the psychological abuse group is unaffected.This study used an experimental control design, according to Child Psychological Maltreatment Scale,30 psychological abuse individuals and 30 matched non psychological abuse individuals were selected to participate in the experiment; emotion induced blindness was measured using the RSVP paradigm. Experiment 1 :2(group)×2(distractor valence ) ×4(Lag) mixed task. Measurement of emotion induced blindness under baseline conditions in individuals with psychological abuse. Experiment 2:2(group)×2(distractor valence)×2(monetary reward type) mixed task, probing the attenuating effects of rewards on emotion induced blindness in individuals with psychological abuse. Results:(1) There was a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of correct target recognition when the negative stimulus interfered.(2)The correct rate of target recognition gradually returned to baseline as the lag position increased.(3)Manipulating the level of monetary reward does not attenuate emotion induced blindness in the psychological abuse group. Conclusion:(1) Attention disengagement difficulties were present in the psychological maltreatment group and manifested as stronger and longer lasting effects of emotion induced visual blindness.(2)Childhood psychological abuse experiences altered individual monetary reward processing,monetary rewards can not attenuate emotion induced blindness. These results implicate attentional disengagement difficulties and insensitivity to positive stimuli in the development of depression in psychological abuse.更多还原