【作者】 甘怡群； 马金金；

【Author】 Yiqun Gan;Jinjin Ma;Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University;

【机构】 北京大学心理与认知科学学北京市行为与健康重点实验室；

【摘要】 尽管应激对心理健康的影响得到了广泛承认,应激和心理健康的定量研究颇具争议,线性假说和曲线假说均有实证证据支持。剂量反应理论(dose-response theory)更为精准地描述了应激事件与心理健康之间的线性关系(Turner&Lloyd, 1995),并随着应激事件种类和数目的增加表现出"积木式"的累积效应。随着对应激积极视角的转换提出了应激接种模型,对传统的朴素观念提出了挑战,该模型假设生命早期暴露在适度的应激下,反而会有更强的应激应对能力和更好的心理健康。相关概念包括应激接种(Meichenbaum, 2007)、心理复原力(Kalisch et al., 2017)、钢化效应(Rutter, 2012)等,这些现象都指出中等程度的应激能够使人们更好地面对未来的应激事件,进而能在保持更良好的心理健康。也就是说应激事件与心理健康应该具有二次曲线关系。本研究初步纳入了58项研究进行系统综述和元分析,对应激和心理健康关系的理论背景、实证研究、争议原因进行了梳理,发现目前研究呈现远端应激支持曲线假说,近端应激支持线性假说的局面,测量偏差和曲线理论验证不足的可能是研究结论不一致的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although the impact of stress on mental health has been widely recognized, the results from quantitative research on stress and mental health is controversial, and both linear hypothesis and curve hypothesis are supported by empirical evidence. Dose response theory more accurately describes the linear relationship between stress events and mental health, and shows a cumulative effect with the increase of the type and number of stress events. With the transformation of the positive perspective of coping with stress, a stress inoculation model is proposed, which challenges the traditional simple concept. The model assumes that if exposed to moderate stress in the early stage of life, individuals will have stronger stress coping ability and better mental health. Related concepts include stress inoculation, psychological resilience, which all point out that moderate stress can make people better face future stress events and maintain better mental health. In other words, there should be a quadratic relationship between stress events and mental health. This study initially included 58 studies for systematic review and meta-analysis,combed the theoretical background, empirical research and controversial reasons of the relationship between stress and mental health, and found that the distal stress supports curve hypothesis and proximal stress supports linear hypothesis. The measurement bias and insufficient verification of curve theory may be the reasons for the inconsistency of research conclusions.更多还原