【作者】 洪新伟； 朱婷婷； 陈燕铃； 赵明玉； 刘燊； 张林；

【Author】 Xinwei Hong;Tingting Zhu;Yanling Chen;Mingyu Zhao;Shen Liu;Lin Zhang;Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University;School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China;

【机构】 宁波大学心理学系暨研究所； 中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院；

【摘要】 校园欺凌是指在校园环境中个体被一个或多个学生有意地、反复地、持续地施以负面行为,造成受害者心理或身体的不适或伤害。以往的研究发现,儿童青少年受欺凌经历能够显著预测其两年后的外化问题行为、内化问题行为、社交问题及学业问题。社会支持的缓冲模型指出,个体在面对同伴侵害等压力事件的情况下,从所处近端社会关系中获得的社会支持是最重要的保护性资源之一。已有研究表明,社会支持可显著负向预测受欺凌程度,高社会支持会拥有更高的应对效能与更积极的应对方式。相对于那些高求助意愿的个体,低求助意愿的个体更容易遭受到欺凌。然而,社会支持是"如何影响"受欺凌程度,以及会受到"何种条件"制约却缺乏深入探讨。本研究试图回应这一问题,为降低青少年受欺凌程度提供具有针对性的依据。采用整群随机抽样选取宁波市某地区4所学校进行问卷施测,总共发放1100份问卷,回收有效问卷1011份,有效率为91.91%。其中男生493名,女生518名;平均年龄为14.76±2.36岁。采用社会支持行为量表、欺凌/受害问卷、应对效能量表、校园欺凌应对方式量表和求助意愿量表对1011名青少年进行调查。结果显示:(1)社会支持、应对效能、应对方式、求助意愿与受欺凌程度两两之间均呈显著相关;(2)社会支持对受欺凌程度的直接效应和间接效应均显著,间接效应包括通过应对效能的中介作用、通过应对方式的中介作用以及通过应对效能—应对方式的链式中介作用三条路径;(3)求助意愿在社会支持与受欺凌程度关系的链式中介路径中起调节作用。本研究的发现揭示了社会支持是降低青少年受欺凌程度的一个保护因素,并且社会支持作为一种保护性资源会通过应对效能和应对方式间接预测青少年的受欺凌程度,也受到个体求助意愿的调节。基于社会支持的缓冲模型和压力应对理论,能够深入了解社会支持对受欺凌程度的内在发生机制,为青少年预防校园欺凌提供具有针对性的理论基础。因此,本研究对校园欺凌的干预和防治具有重要借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 School bullying refers to the intentional, repeated, and continuous negative behaviors of one or more students in the campus environment, causing the victim’s psychological or physical discomfort or harm. Previous studies have found that the experience of bullying victimization can significantly predict their behavior of externalized problematic behavior, internalized problematic behavior, social problem and academic problems two years later. The buffer model of social support points out that the social support obtained from the close social relationship is one of the most important protective resources in the face of peer infringement and other pressure events. Some studies have shown that social support can significantly negatively predict the degree of bullying victimization, and high social support will have higher response coping efficiency and more positive coping styles.Compared with those with a high willingness to ask for help, the individuals with a low willingness to ask for help are more vulnerable to bullying victimization. However, how social support "affects" the degree of bullying victimization and the "conditions" it will be restricted by, but there is a lack of in-depth discussion. This study attempted to respond to this problem and provided a targeted basis for reducing the level of bullying victimization among adolescents. The cluster random sampling was used to select 4 schools in a certain area of Ningbo to conduct the questionnaire survey. A total of 1100 questionnaires were distributed, and 1011 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective rate of 91.91%. 493 boys and 518 girls were male students; The average age was 14.76(SD=2.36).1011 teenagers were investigated by the inventory of supportive behavior, bullying/victimization questionnaire,coping efficiency scale, school bullying coping style scale and the willingness to seek help scale. The results showed that:(1) There was a significant correlation between social support, coping efficiency, coping style, willingness to ask for help and the degree of bullying victimization;(2) The direct and indirect effects of social support on the degree of bullying victimization are significant. The indirect effects include three ways through the mediation of coping efficiency, the mediation of coping style and the chain mediation of coping efficiency and coping style;(3) The willingness to ask for help plays a moderated role in the chain mediation path between social support and the degree of bullying victimization. The findings revealed that social support is a protective factor to reduce the degree of bullying victimization among adolescents. Social support, as a protective resource, indirectly predicts the degree of bullying by coping efficiency and coping style and is also moderated by individual willingness to ask for help. Based on the buffer model of social support and the theory of stress coping, they can deeply understand the internal mechanism of social support to the degree of bullying victimization, and provide a theoretical basis for teenagers to prevent school bullying. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the intervention and prevention of school bullying.更多还原