【作者】 刘泽龙； 曹振宇； 王静；

【Author】 Liu Zelong;Cao Zhenyu;Wang Jing;School of Food and Health,Beijing Technology and Business University;COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute;

【机构】 北京工商大学食品与健康学院； 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司；

【摘要】 花生作为油脂加工的主要油籽易被黄曲霉毒素污染,由此带来食用或饲用制品的安全问题或隐患。本研究主要采用二氧化氯（ClO₂）对黄曲霉毒素天然污染的花生、花生粕成品等样品进行熏蒸处理,随后测定上述样品及由整粒花生压榨所得毛油和粕中黄曲霉毒素水平（AFB₁或B和G族）和相关理化指标。试验在两种试验规模下开展。结果表明,在小规模和较大规模试验中熏蒸可几乎消除整粒花生的黄曲霉毒素或降低至少70%,且脱毒效果在后储藏中保持稳定。花生粉碎后不利于熏蒸或者其它方式降低毒素。通过直接熏蒸仅能减少花生粕成品中30%的AFB1,但是通过熏蒸整粒花生仁,则可使榨油残粕中AFB₁降低约70%以上。并且,毛油和粕中的总毒素可分别降低约81%和94%。相比未熏蒸样品,除过氧化值外,熏蒸花生毛油的碘价、酸价、脂肪酸组成等均未显著变化。此外,在熏蒸剂剂量较低时的后加热处理可能发生热应激效应。本研究可为开发适用于油籽仓储或加工的脱毒策略提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peanuts,as one of the main oilseeds for oil processing,are easily contaminated by aflatoxins,which brings safety issues or potential risks to related food or feed products.In this study,chlorine dioxide（ClO₂） was used to fumigate whole peanut kernels,commercial peanut meal that were naturally contaminated by AFs,and then determined the AFs levels and some physicochemical properties in the above samples,or in the pressed crude oil and meal from original or fumigated whole peanut kernels.The experiments were carried out at two scale levels.The results show that ClO₂ fumigation can reduce the AFs in peanuts to none or at least 72% in small-or large-scale experiments,respectively,and the level remained relatively stable in the post-storage.The grinding of peanuts was not conducive to the reduction of AFB₁ by ClO₂ through fumigation or in other ways.Although only ～30% of AFB₁ in the commercial peanut meal could be reduced by direct fumigation,the mycotoxins in peanut meal obtained after pressing could be decreased by about 72% by fumigating whole peanut kernels.Moreover,the total AFs in the pressed crude oil and meal can be reduced by approximately 81% and 94%,respectively.Compared with the unfumigated samples,the iodine value,acid value,and fatty acid composition of the crude oil from fumigated peanuts did not change significantly except a higher level of hydroperoxides.In addition,after fumigation at lower dose of fumigant a post-heating treatment might cause an AFB₁ increase by heat-stress.The findings of this study provide support for the development of detoxification strategies for oilseeds storage or oil processing.更多还原