【作者】 张伟； 蒋宏； 郗厚诚； 张石宝；

【Author】 ZHANG Wei;JIANG Hong;XI Houcheng;ZHANG Shibao;Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Yunnan Laboratory for Conservation of Rare, Endangered & Endemic Forest Plants, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland;Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 中国科学院昆明植物研究所资源植物与生物技术实验室； 云南省林业和草原科学院国家林业和草原局云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室； 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园；

【摘要】 兰科独蒜兰属(Pleione)植物是世界著名的观赏花卉,也是亚洲多国的传统药材。当前人工栽培技术尚不成熟,该属植物的需求严重依赖于野生资源,导致野外居群遭到严重破坏。本文通过世界主要标本馆的馆藏标本量统计和151个居群的野外实地调查,按照世界自然保护联盟物种红色名录(IUCN Red List)的相关标准,对26种(包括自然杂交种)独蒜兰属植物的濒危等级状况进行了综合评估。评估结果显示,该属所有种类都为受威胁状态。其中白花独蒜兰(P. albiflora)、藏南独蒜兰(P. arunachalensis)、艳花独蒜兰(P. aurita)和冠状独蒜兰(P. coronaria)等4个原生种为极危(CR);陈氏独蒜兰(P. chunii)、黄花独蒜兰(P. forrestii)、大花独蒜兰(P. grandiflora)、矮小独蒜兰(P. humilis)、卡氏独蒜兰(P. kaatiae)、秋花独蒜兰(P. maculata)、岩生独蒜兰(P. saxicola)、二叶独蒜兰(P. scopulorum)等8个原生种为濒危(EN);独蒜兰(P. bulbocodioides)等7个原生种为易危(VU)。在7个自然杂交种中,除大理独蒜兰(P.×taliensis)为濒危等级外,其余6个均为极危等级。鉴于人为过度采集是独蒜兰属植物最主要的致危因素,而目前的保护区制度和法律执行层面对独蒜兰属植物的保护作用有限,我们认为唯有产业化才能促进独蒜兰属植物的保护和可持续利用。因此,我们建议加强独蒜兰属产业化相关的基础研究,尽早促成独蒜兰属植物的规模化人工栽培,才能从根源处缓解野生资源的采集压力,最终达到保护濒危物种的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The genus Pleione(Orchidaceae) holds world-famous ornamental plants and traditional medi-cine in Asia. Without well-established technology for artificial cultivation, the utilization of Pleione largely de-pends on collection of wild plants, which caused serious damage to wild populations. In this study, the conserva-tion status of 26 Pleione species(including natural hybrids) were assessed based on the statistics of herbarium specimen numbers and investigations of 151 wild populations. According to IUCN Red List Categories and Crite-ria, all members in the genus warrant a threatened category. Among which, P. albiflora, P. arunachalensis, P. aurita and P. coronaria were assessed as Critically Endangered(CR), P. chunii, P. forrestii, P. grandiflora,P. humilis, P. kaatiae, P. maculata, P. saxicola and P. scopulorum were assessed as Endangered(EN), while P. bulbocodioides and other 6 species were assessed as Vulnerable(VU). All 7 natural hybrids, which we believe deserved protection just as species, were assessed as CR except P. × taliensis, which was EN. In view of the fact that over-collection is the most conspicuous cause of threatened status for Pleione species, and neither nature reserves nor laws in China are capable to provide sufficient protection, we believe that only commercial-ized cultivation can promote conservation and sustainable utilization of Pleione. For this reason, we suggest more efforts should be put into the researches contributing to successfully large-scale cultivation of Pleione. Only un-der such circumstance will wild populations get a chance to alleviate from heavy collection pressure and endan-gered species be effectively protected.更多还原