【作者】 边晓宁； 殷恬静； 武泰民； 杨琴；

【Author】 BIAN Xiao-ning;YIN Tian-jing;WU Tai-min;YANG Qin;Applied Psychology Institute of China University of Geosciences;

【机构】 中国地质大学应用心理学研究所；

【摘要】 在新的零工经济时代,按需服务平台作为一种劳动者从业或兼职的重要选择逐渐发展壮大。随着传统就业机会的逐渐减少,劳动者对平台经济的依赖也在进一步地增加。分析这一新颖且快速发展的就业方式给劳动者带来的影响,有利于更加合理地维护劳动者权益并指导平台建立与平台劳动者的和谐关系,从而促进大数据时代网络零工经济的良性发展,对于促进中国零工经济的发展也具有重要的实践启迪。本文以通过应用程序提供服务的按需劳动作为研究对象,对其新的控制特点进行了梳理,并从劳动者层面出发,探讨了这种新的控制特点对劳动者造成的心理影响和劳动者的应对方式。首先,与传统的临时工作相比,所有在线平台公司都具备的一个重要特征是对电子信誉机制的依赖并以此作为劳动控制的重要方式,这使得其对劳动者的控制呈现出新的特点,主要包括算法管理、评价机制和权力不对称三个方面;其次,在分析平台通过新的控制形式实现其管理目标的前提下,本文从公平感下降、情绪劳动加剧、情感支持不足和心理契约构建困难四个方面出发对平台劳动控制给劳动者带来的心理影响进行分析;再次,在总结不同劳动者应对差异的基础上,依据劳动过程理论,本文探讨了平台劳动者通过个人和集体行动应对劳动控制的措施以及所面临的阻碍;最后,本文提出了按需服务平台对劳动者造成的心理影响的未来研究方向,包括平台劳动者多重心理契约的构建等。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the new era of casual work economy, as an important choice for workers to work or part-time,on-demand service platform is gradually growing. With the decrease of traditional employment opportunities, labor dependence on platform economy is increasing further. Analysis of the impact of this new and rapid development of employment form on workers is conducive to more reasonable protection of workers’ rights and interests, and guide the platform to establish a harmonious relationship with platform workers, so as to promote the benign development of network casual work economy in the era of big data, and also has important practical enlightenment for promoting the development of China’s casual work economy. This paper takes the on-demand labor that provides services through applications as the research object, combs its new control characteristics, and discusses the psychological impact of this new control characteristics on workers and workers’ coping styles. Firstly, compared with the traditional temporary work, an important feature of all online platform companies is their dependence on the electronic reputation mechanism as an important way of labor control, which makes their control over workers show new characteristics, mainly including algorithm management, evaluation mechanism and power asymmetry. Secondly,on the premise that the platform achieves its management objectives through the new control form, this paper discusses the psychological impact of the new control form on workers from four perspectives: the decline of sense of fairness, the intensification of emotional labor, the lack of emotional support and the difficulty of constructing psychological contract. Thirdly, on the basis of summarizing the coping differences of different workers, according to the labor process theory, this paper sorts out the measures and obstacles for platform workers to deal with labor control through personal action and collective action. Finally, this paper puts forward the future research direction of the psychological impact of on-demand service platform on workers, including the construction of multiple psychological contracts for platform workers.更多还原