【作者】 谭凤娥； 吴艳； 朱旭； 胡祥恩；

【Author】 Fenge Tan;Yan Wu;Xu Zhu;Xiangen Hu;School of Psychology,Central China Normal University;Department of psychology,Institute for Intelligent System,Electrical & Computer Engineering,and Computer Sciences,The University of Memphis;

【机构】 华中师范大学心理学院； 孟菲斯大学心理学院；

【摘要】 随着科学技术的腾飞,人工智能机器人（以下简称机器人）作为人工智能的主要载体在人们日常生活中的应用领域越来越广泛。未来几年,人与机器人的互动将会像现在的人与人互动一样,成为我们日常生活的一部分。那么人们对机器人的态度到底如何?什么因素影响人们态度的动态变化呢?心智感知是指人们对其他实体心理能力的感知,包括两个维度,即感受性和能动性。心智感知理论整合了经典的恐怖谷理论、媒体等同理论和拟人化理论,对机器人感受性、能动性的感知会对消极态度产生不同影响。本研究基于心智感知理论,旨在探讨大学生对机器人心智感知的基本情况,及其对对机器人态度的影响并进一步探讨了解程度和专业类别的调节作用。本研究采用心智感知问卷（Mind perception Scale）、对机器人消极态度量表（Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale）、人工智能的了解程度访谈和心智感知二维坐标模型,对339名大学生进行问卷调查及访谈。使用SPSS进行数据处理与分析,通过简单斜率分析进一步对调节效应进行检验。在控制了性别、年龄等因素后,结果发现:（1）对人工智能有中等程度了解的人最多,有283人,占83.5%;（2）对机器人的心智感知负向预测消极态度;（3）对人工智能的了解程度和专业类别在对机器人心智感知与消极态度的关系中起调节作用,高了解程度缓解了两者的关系;与理工科相比,文史类对机器人的心智感知对消极态度的预测作用更大;（4）大学生对期待的及未来的机器人心智感知水平存在矛盾认知,被试期望的机器人在能动性(M_X1=9.82)、及被试认为未来的机器人在能动性(M_X2=9.50)上可以与人类能动性(M_X3=10)媲美,但被试期望的机器人在感受性(M_Y1=7.19)、及被试认为未来的机器人在感受性(M_Y2=7.64)要比人类感受性(M_Y3=10)低一些,且低于相应机器人的能动性。研究结果表明对机器人的心智感知水平和对人工智能的了解程度都会影响对机器人的态度,人们对未来人工智能机器人不同方面的发展存在矛盾的态度,未来研究应该更加关注个体因素对对机器人态度的影响以及人与人工智能机器人的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the science and technology to take off, as the main carrier of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence robot（later referred to as robot） is more and more widely in the field of the application of the people’s daily life. In the next few years, the interaction between human and robots will become a part of our daily life just like the current human interaction. Then what’s people’s attitude towards robots? What factors influence the dynamic change in attitudes? Mental perception refers to the perception of the psychological ability to other entities, there are two dimensions, they are experience and agency. Mind perception theory of integration of the classic theory of the uncanny valley, media equivalent theory and the theory of anthropomorphic, Perception of the experience and the agency of robots will have different influence on negative attitude. Based on the theory of mind perception, this study aimed to explore the basic situation of College Students’ mind perception of robots and its impact on their attitude towards robots, and further explored the moderator effect of understanding degree and professional category. In this study, 339 college students were investigated and interviewed by using the Mind perception Scale, Negative Attitudes towards Robots Scale, interviewed on the understanding of artificial intelligence and two-dimensional coordinate model of mind perception. Using SPSS for data processing and analysis, through a simple slope analysis further regulating effect on inspection. After controlling for factors such as gender, age, and the results showed that:（1） Most people had a moderate understanding of AI, 283, accounting for 83.5%;（2） The mind perception level of robots negatively predicted the negative attitude towards robots.（3） The results showed that the degree of understanding of AI and professional category played a moderating role in the relationship between robots’ mind perception and negative attitude, and high degree of understanding alleviated the relationship between them. Compared with science and engineering, the mind perception of arts and history on robots had a greater predictive effect on negative attitude;（4） College students had contradictory cognition to the mind perception level of robots that they expected and robots in the future. The participants expected that the robots’ agency(M_X1 = 9.82) and future robots’ agency(M_X2 = 9.50)could be comparable to human’s agency(M_X3 = 10), but the participants expected that the robots’ experience(M_Y1 =7.19) and future robots’ experience(M_Y2 = 7.64) were lower than human’s experience(M_Y3 = 10), and lower than the corresponding robots’ agency. The results showed that the level of mind perception of robots and the level of understanding of AI will affected the attitude towards AI robots, people had contradictory attitudes towards the future development of artificial intelligence robots in different aspects, future research should pay more attention to the influence of individual factors on robot attitude and the relationship between human and artificial intelligence robots.更多还原